To what extent were the European Colonisers to Blame for the loss of Native American Culture and Civilisation?
The Federal Government + State Governments :
European Colonisers
The US army
click to edit
Book:The Earth is Weeping - a focus upon the army's impact upon the native americans and the wars that left a great impact upon their culture and civilisation, focusing on key battles -( Hancock's War), withholding of supplies, and the broken treaties by the army, with the perspective being presented by American historian and writer - Peter Cozzens
⭐
A History of the Indians of the United States
Book by Angie Debo
A book which examines the impact of European Colonisation and how the conflict between colonisers - Spanish and British predominantly - resulted in the Natives being caught in the Crossfire of racism, war and segregation
The Write up plans
Introduction
Book:The Oxford History of the American West - A book which has an emphasis on the Federal Government (Supreme Court, Congress and the President) and the State Governments impacts on the Native Americans. The book details the start of the Federal government with their treaties put in place, to their policies, from old to modern, concluding with the Federal Impact upon Native American culture, and their impact upon the contemporary west and natives. The book was written by - Millner, O’Connor and Sandweiss
Racism
joint sickness
Segregation
Education institutes
Representation / appropriation
policy
Key Battles
Treaties/Treaties Broken
Withholding supplies
Treaties from: Fort Stanwix, McIntosh and Finney resulted in the Natives giving over New York, Western Pennsylvania and most of what is now Ohio, with no reward or consolation, under the reasoning that as the losers of the recent war they handed over the spoils. Chapter 4 - Page 127
click to edit
The Prolonged Territorial Era
Creation of the Department of the Interiors Indian Bureau
these agencies attempted to map, develop and distribute an encompassing public domain whilst limiting Native American use of that domain in order for the Federal Government to seize control
was founded in 1824
Aimed in spreading Federalism across the West
Successor to the committee of Indian Affairs from 1775 by Congress
"Whilst the Federal Government shaped the west ... the west itself served as the Kindergarten of the American state. In governing and developing the west, the state itself grew in power and influence" - Richard White
Cozzens is of an interpretation that is the fault of the US army, particularly shown here, highlighting his observations of treaties stripping the Natives of their lands. Focusing on the part where he states - “no reward or consolation, under the reasoning that as the losers of the recent war they handed over the spoils.” It shows how the army where overall negligent to the Natives who where only in defence of their lands; upon losing lands to the army through warfare and the establishment of Forts such as Stanwix, McIntosh and Finney, the foundations were laid for the treaties of New York's revokal from Native territory, as a result, diminishing their heritage in the area as collateral.
Argues that the loss of Land was a key factor in the loss of Native Culture, Through the foundation of the Indians Bureau, formed by the Federal Government
Outline Key works and their key ideologies on subject matter
click to edit
click to edit
click to edit
the withholding of medicine and food from reaching the settlements
mudering their horses to stop them hunting
Supplementary reading
National Geographic
click to edit
“Withholding rations became a potent weapon in the agents arsenal"
referencing how the Military where withholding the supplies from the natives, eventually leading do dwindling their numbers
European settlers brought these new diseases with them when they settled, and the illnesses decimated the Native Americans—by some estimates killing as much as 90 percent of their population