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Review Guide - Coggle Diagram
Review Guide
Chem basics
Carbon is essential to life because it can bond with up to 4 atoms, and it can form a huge variety of molecules, carbon is found in every molecule in an living organism
Covalent bonds are the strongest bonds in chemistry, occurs when 2 atoms share 1 or more electron
Protons have positive charge, Electrons have negative charge, Neutrons have negative charge
Properties of water
Hydrogen is positive, Oxygen is negative
Water has covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
Polar covalent bonds hold the atoms of oxygen and hydrogen within the water molecules
3 types of bonds
Covalent bonds- a bond forms when electrons are shared between 2 atoms
Hydrogen bonds- slightly positive atoms and slightly negative atoms in the same molecule the weakest bond
Ionic bonds- valence electron are transferred from one atom to the other to complete the outer electro shell
Structure of an atom
Atoms consist of three basic particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons
The nucleus is the center of the atom, it contains the protons and the neutrons.
The outermost regions of the atom are called electron shells and contain the electrons (negatively charged).
Periodic table
It is organzied in rows and columns according to increasing atomic number
An element symbol is a shorthand notation for writing the element out
Elements are arranged from left to rightand top to bottom in creasing atomic number
Indepent vs. Dependent
Independent variable- factor the scientist changes during an experiment
Dependent variable factor that responds to the independent variable
Controlled variables- factor that stays the same
Characteristics of life
Made up of cells, Reproduction, Based on a Universal Genetic Code, Growth and Development, Need for Materials and Energy, Response to the Environment, Maintaining Internal Balence, Evolution
Scientific Method
Identify the problem, Make observation, Make hypothesis, Deign the experiment, Collect/Organize Data, Make conclusions