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THE ENLIGHTENMENT: The culture of optimism - Coggle Diagram
THE ENLIGHTENMENT:
The culture of optimism
Characteristics of the enlightenment
The scientific method
Empericism
Not accept reasoning that could not be emperically valided
Through
Observation
Experimentation
Main representative
Francis Bacon
Rationalism
Truths established by authority
Tradition should be criticised
Main representative
René Descartes
The enlightenment
New intellectual movement appeared
Among the educated elites
France was its main epicentre
Intellectual movements
Progress
Development of knowledge
Happiness
An individual reight and social aspiration
Reason
Undertood as human rationality
It could illuminate the darkness of and society's errors
Led to Enlightement thinkers to challenge al religious beliefs
The evolution of the enlightenment
It was a reformist movement
Defended it's aims through
Society
Economy
Reforms of politics
Culture
They placed a lot of inmportance of
Education
Pedagogy
The Enlighment led to
Scientific innovations
Technical innovations
More radical critique of political and social system
Different enlightened thinkers
Voltaire (1694-1778)
Fought for civil right and judidicial reform
Rosseau (1712-1778)
Proposed a model of society
Sovereingnty was in hands of the people
Montesquieu (1689-1755)
A French magistrate who criticised absolute monarchies
Proposed a moderate monarchy with separation of
Executive
Legislative
Judidicial power
John Locke (1632-1704)
He was the first to defend the existance of three individual rights
Liberty
Property
Right to life
The spread of enlightenment ideas
The Encyclopédie
The most important book of the age
Edited by
Diderot
D'Alembert
It had 28 volumes
72,000 articles
Newspapers were published
Weekly
On Sundays
Daily
Enlighment ideas were
spread by word of mouth
Of the nobility and upper classes
In coffee houses, taverns and salons
Reading societies were stablished
They acted as public libraries
Scientists and intellectuals gathered in academies
The women in the enlightenment
Émile Du Châtelet
Translated the Newtons works
Regularly met with important scientists
María Gaetana Agnesi
Published a number of books
Marie-Thérèse Rodet
Attended the literary of Paris
She startes her own salon
Mary Wollstonecraft
The first feminist
She also worked as a translator
