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unit 3 aos 1- chp 2 - Coggle Diagram
unit 3 aos 1- chp 2
Central NS
Spinal Cord
a cable of nerve tissue that extends from the brain, connecting it to the peripheral nervous system.
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spinal reflex
a spinal reflex is an unconscious response to sensory stimuli that is initiated by interneurons in the spinal cord independently of the brain . It involves a 4 step process
Brain
a complex organ contained within the skull that coordinates mental processes and behaviour, and regulates bodily activity.
Peripheral NS
Autonomic
part of the PNS that connects the CNS to the body’s internal organs, muscles and glands. It’s main role is to control involuntary body functions that help keep us alive through regulating things like heart beat, blood flow, respiration and digestion
Parasympathetic
the system helps maintain the internal body at a steady, balanced state. ‘rest & digest’. It counter balances the SNS and restores the body to remain in a clam homeostasis state. e.g. pupils contract
Sympathetic
the system activates internal muscles, organs and glands to prepare the body for vigorous activities or to deal with stressful situations, triggering the flight-fight-freeze response. e.g. pupils dilate
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Somatic
network of nerves that relay sensory information to the CNS and motor information from the CNS. It’s involved in voluntary skeletal muscle movements
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LTP & LTD
LTP
is the relatively permanent strengthening of synaptic connections as a result of repeated activation
- LTP makes a postsynaptic neuron more receptive to information from the presynaptic neuron, enhancing the likelihood that the neural connections will successfully be activated in the future.
LTD
s the relatively permanent weakening of synaptic connections as a result of repeated low levels of activation
- LTD makes a postsynaptic neruon less receptive to information released by the pre synaptic neuron due to repeated low levels of stimulation.
synaptic plasticity
synaptic plasticity is the ability of synaptic connections to change over time in response to activity or experience.
sprouting: is the formation of new neural connections to create lots of new synaptic pathways - the ability of dendrites or axons to develop new extensions or branches
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the neuron
is a nerve cell that receives and transmits neural information
- The nervous system is composed of billions of neurons arranged in neural pathways along which neural messages are transmitted. In this way, the neuron is the basic functional unit of the nervous system.
Motor neurons (also known as efferent neurons), which transmit neural messages about motor movement from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system.
Sensory neurons (also known as afferent neurons), which transmit neural messages
about bodily sensations from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system.
Interneurons, which transfer neural messages between sensory neurons and motor neurons. The central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, is made up of interneurons.
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