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Chapter 6: Measurement of Constructs - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6: Measurement of Constructs
Conceptualization: the mental process by which fuzzy and imprecise constructs (concepts) and their constituent components are defined in concrete precise terms.
Unidimensional: constructs that are expected to have a single underlying dimension.
Multidimensional: constructs that consist of two or more underlying dimensions.
Operationalization: the process of developing indicators.
Indicators: items for measuring constructs.
Variable: combination of indicators at the empirical level representing a given construct.
Attributes: each indicator may have several attributes (levels).
Value: each attribute represents a value (scale).
Quantitative: numeric, can be analyzed using quantitative data analysis techniques, such as regression or structural equation modeling.
Qualitative: non-numeric, requires qualitative data analysis techniques, such as coding.
Reflective indicator: measure that "reflects" an underlying construct.
Formative indicator: a measure that "forms" or contributes to an underlying construct.
Levels of Measurement: also called rating scales, refer to the values that an indicator can take.
Nominal scales: also called categorical scales, measure categorical data.
Ordinal scales: measure rank-ordered data.
Interval scales: values measured are not only rank-ordered but are also equidistant from adjacent attributes.
Ratio scales: those that have all the qualities of nominal, ordinal, and interval scales, and in addition have a "true zero" point.
Binary scales: nominal scales consisting of binary items that assume one of two possible values.
Likert scale: includes Likert items that are simply-worded statements to which respondents can indicate their extent of agreement or disagreement on a five or seven-point scale.
Semantic differential scale: multi-item scale where respondents are asked to indicate their opinions or feelings toward a single statement using different pairs of adjectives framed as polar opposites.
Guttman scale: uses a series of items arranged in increasing order of intensity of the construct of interest, from least intense to most intense.
Scaling: a branch of measurement that involves the construction of measures by associating qualitative judgements about unobservable constructs with quantitative, measurable metric units.
Scale: an empirical structure for measuring items or indicators of a given construct.
Thurstone's equal-appearing scaling method: potential scale items are generated to measure this construct. These items are generated by experts who know something about the construct being measured.
Likert's summative scaling method: starts with a clear definition of construct of interest, and using a set of experts to generate 80-100 potential scale items. These items are rated by judges on a 1 to 5 (or 1 to 7) rating scale.
Guttman's cumulative scaling method: assumes that people's willingness to participate in social relations with other people vary in degrees of intensity, and measures that intensity using a list of items arranged from "least intense" to "most intense"
Index: a composite score derived from aggregating measures of multiple constructs using a set of rules and formulas.
Typology: summarize measures of two or more constructs to creates a set of categories or types. Multi-dimensional but include only nominal variables.