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Cellular Differentiation 4a - Coggle Diagram
Cellular Differentiation 4a
Cellular Differentiation
The process by which a cell
expresses certain genes
to
produce proteins characteristic
for that type of cell.
This allows a cell to carry out
specialised functions.
Cell control and specialisation
When a new cell is produced by mitosis it is
non-specialised or undifferentiated.
Specialisation depends on which genes are switched on and off
Cells differ because genes can be
switched on and off
Stem cells
Tissue Stem Cell
Can only form a
limited range
of cell types.
Main function is to maintain
growth and repair
of the body.
Are more limited than embryonic stem cells and so are known as
MULTIPOTENT.
Meristem
Types
Apical meristem
at the tip of the root and the shoot –
adding length to the plant.
Lateral meristems
allow the stems thicken.
Meaning
A group of
unspecialised plant cells
capable of
dividing repeatedly
throughout the life of a plant.
Embryonic Stem cells
Embryonic stem cells become
differentiated to all possible types
of
specialised cells
.
This is known as
PLURIPOTENT
Basics
-
Before a cell has differentiated, or specialised
, it is called a stem cell.
Stem cells are involved in growth and repair.
Why differentiate and specialise?
CAUSES OLD OLD OLD AGEEEE
The only 2 cells which can
replicate indefinitely
are
STEM and CANCER cells
Differentiated cells
have a
limit to the number of times they can divide