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Measurements - Coggle Diagram
Measurements
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Apparatus (length)
Vernier Caliper
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zero error
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The zero error on a vernier caliper is like a number line, to the left (negative zero error, read the vernier scale backwards), and to the right (positive zero error, read normally)
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Micrometer Screw Gauge
Parts of MSG
anvil, spindle, main scale, thimble scale, lock lever, ratchet
Uses of MSG
To measure very small lengths such as the diameter of a wire, and has a range of measurement of 0 - 2.5 cm, and a degree of precision of 0.001cm
Zero error
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the zero error on the MSG is negative if the 0 of the thimble scale is above the datum line, and it is read backwards, while a positive zero error is when the 0 of the thimble scale is below the datum line, and is read normally
Turn the thimble until the anvil and the spindle touch the object and then turn the ratchet until it makes a click sound, which indicates that undue pressure is removed, improving accuracy
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Apparatus (time)
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Pendulum
a simple pendulum can be used to measure time by determining the number of oscillations and the time taken per oscillation (period of the pendulum)
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In order to measure time accurately using a pendulum, swing the pendulum and wait for the oscillations to become steady then start the stopwatch to time 20 oscillations and record the reading as t1, then repeat to obtain t2. Find the average between t1 and t2 to find t.avg. And divide t.avg by 20 to find the period of 1 oscillation