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Diabetes Mellitus - Coggle Diagram

- - - - IFG 100-125mg/dL
    - - <180mg/dL
  - - - IGT 140-199mg/dL of the 75g OGTT
  - - - 5.7-6.4%
        
        If controlled
        
        2xyear
        
        If uncontrolled
        
        4x year
    - - 25 yo
        
        <6.5%
      - 80yo
        
        <8%
- - - - unexplained weight loss
      - ketouria
      - polys
        
        polydipsia
        
        polyphagia
        
        polyuria
- - - - Insulin sensitizers
        
        low cost
        
        TZD
        
        ex: Pioglitazone
        
        side effects:
        
        Weight gain
        
        no nitrate use
        
        Metformin
        
        Side effects:
        
        Caution: eGFR<30mL/min/1.73m2
        
        GI upset
        
        Use long acting
      - Insulin releasers
        
        low cost
        
        Sulfonureas (SU)
        
        ex: Glipizide
        
        MOA: Constant
        
        Risk: hypoglycemia
        
        high cost
        
        DPP-4 Inhibitor
        
        ex:Sitagliptin
        
        MOA: Post glucose rise "Smart"
        
        minimal hypoglycemic risk
        
        GLP-1 Agonist
        
        ex: Semaglutide GIP/GLP-1 Agonist "very smart"
        
        Tirzepatide
        
        Post glucose rise "rise"
        
        5 more items...
    - - Glucose offloaders
        
        SGLT-2 Inhibitor
        
        Ex: Canagliflozin
        
        Via kidney excretion, post glucose rise
        
        Benefits
        
        Weight loss
        
        ASCVD
        
        HF
        
        CKD
        
        Cons
        
        High cost
        
        Moderate efficacy
        
        GU infection
        
        Dehydration