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THE CONTINGENCY SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT, NAME: GIDION KRISNADI YOSEPH…
THE CONTINGENCY SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT
Historical
(mid-20th century)
Joan Woodward
(1958)
organizational structure depends on the types of production technologies employed by the firm.
Social
World War II brought unique experiences
Economic
Companies expand internationally
Political
The Cold War impacting organizations
Paul Lawrence & Jay Lorsch
(1967)
Organization Research
understanding of how organizations must adapt
Key Concept
Multiple Approaches
acknowledges that different situations may require different approaches
Leadership & Decision-Making
encourages managers to be flexible and adaptive in their decision-making processes.
Fit between Strategy & Environment
require different management practices than one in a stable and predictable environment.
Research & Empirical Evidence
identify patterns of effective management practices through systematic observation and analysis
Emphasizing Context
must be contingent upon the unique context and variables of a particular situation
Management Implications
adapt their strategies and practices based on changing circumstances
Rejecting Universal Principles
there is no single best way to manage organizations or solve problems that applies in all situations.
Relevance Contribution
From Past Theory
Taylor's scientific management
emphasis on optimizing work processes
Elton Mayo and Hawthorne
social and human aspects
Theory X & Y
approach depends on the specific situation
Chester Barnard's
communication and cooperation
Bertalanffy's General Systems Theory
interactions within systems
NAME: GIDION KRISNADI YOSEPH
NIM: 29023011