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Proteins and phenotype 3e/d - Coggle Diagram
Proteins and phenotype 3e/d
Alternative Splicing Summary
Different proteins can be expressed from one
gene, as a result of alternative RNA splicing.
Different mature mRNA can be produced from
the same primary transcript depending on which exons are kept.
One gene can, therefore, code for many
proteins solving the problem that there are
more proteins than there are genes.
Formation of Proteins
These 2-D shape are held together by Hydrogen Bonds and other interactions between individual amino acids.
Proteins have a large variety of shapes which determine their function.
Polypeptide chains fold to form three-dimensional shape of a protein.
Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form
polypeptide chains.
An organism's phenotype is produced as a result
of gene expression.
Enviromental factors could also influence phenotype
Protein Folding
Once the polypeptide has formed, hydrogen bonds can form between amino acids – creating secondary
structures.
These can fold again to form – tertiary structures
Several different polypeptides can then join together forming the final protein
Types of Protein
Globular
‘blobby’ proteins, where the chains are wrapped round in complex folded shapes.
Used where a particular biochemical shape is important.
e.g antibodies, enzymes, hormones
Conjugated
Proteins are joined with other chemicals, like the heam group in haemoglobin.
The extra groups give extra function
e.g haemoglobin in human blood & chlorophyll in plants-like organisms.
Fibrous
Polypeptides are arranged in rope like structures.
Used in cells for support and in connective tissues
e.g. keratin in our nails & Collagen in our skin