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RNA & Protein Synthesis 3A - Coggle Diagram
RNA & Protein Synthesis 3A
Gene Expression
Every cell in a multicellular organism contains a complete set of
chromosomes
with every
gene
needed to make every protein that that organism will ever make
HOWEVER, in any particular cell, only a very
small fraction of these genes are ever expressed
.
Each cell is
specialised
to carry out a certain task and will only need to express certain genes.
GE - is the process by which
specific genes are activated
to produce a required protein.
An
organism's phenotype (characteristics)
is
determined by
the
proteins produced
, depending on environmental factors.
RNA
RNA plays a vital role in the production of protein from the code in the DNA
Differences
DNA
Double stranded
Deoxyribose sugar
Bases: A, T, C and G
Differences
RNA
Single stranded
Ribose sugar
Bases: A, U*, C and G
*Uracil replaces thymine
DNA, RNA, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
mRNA is formed in the
nucleus
from free nucleotides and
carries a copy of the DNA code
from the
nucleus to the ribosomes
A
sequence of 3 bases
along a strand of mRNA is called a
codon
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
They are composed of a single strand of nucleotides and are found in the
cytoplasm
-However due to hydrogen bonds that form between the bases it has a 3D structure.
tRNA molecules
collect amino acids
and
bring them to the ribosome
to
build proteins
.
Each molecule has: - An
attachment site
for a specific amino acid,
-An exposed triplet of bases called an
anti-codon
rRNA
rRNA molecules
combine with proteins
to
create the ribosome