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Chapter 3: Cultural Complexity - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3: Cultural Complexity
Definition of cultural complexity
A group of culture traits all interrelated and dominated by one essential trait.
Levels of cultural complex
Complexes
A cluster of related traits
A number of traits when organized together make a culture complex
Patterns
A combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole
Traits
Cultural traits are characteristics of human action, and considered to be the smallest units that make up a culture
International negotiation
Benefit
Allow for communication between differing delegations
Worldwide communication has become extremely advanced and diplomats from countries around the world have the ability to make deals and create multi-country solutions.
Multi-party agreements are the touchstone of IN, and it allow large-scale approaches world problems.
Environmental problems (air quality, water quality and climate change) include a large scope and need conflict resolution agreements between government of countries all over the world.
Countries engage in IN can positively influence public perception and opinion
When government enter conflict resolution with other countries, they can be seen as working towards larger solutions that will help the international community.
-Environmental conflict resolution in particular can create positive relationships between citizens and diplomats.
Definition
Process of making business delas across cultures, it preceded any multinational project
Context Culture
Low
Depend less on context and prefer greater directness when exchanging messages.
Focused on the message itself
Less weight on additional gestures, context or environment
More focused in the task at hand in the present moment.
Features
Independence and individualism is emphasized
No concept of 'face'
everyone is responsible for themselves
Eg, English, North American, German
High
Depend on greater context when communicating
Less direct
Use gestures and body language to draw significance from messages.
Usually relational and collectivist and give great importance to interpersonal relationships.
Features
people feel responsible for their family
value the concept of ;face or strong public image
if member's 'face' is threatened, the whole group's honour is in danger
Eg, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Arab
Hofstede's Six Dimensions of Culture
Uncertainty avoidance index (high vs low)
described how well people cam cope with anxiety
High - people attempt to make life as predictable and controllable as possible
Low - more relaxed, open and inclusive
Masculinity vs Femininity
refer to the distribution of roles between men and women
Masculine - men are expected to behave assertively
Feminine - great deal of overlap between male and female roles, and modesty is perceived as a virtue
Long-term vs Short-term orientation
refer to the time horizon people in a society display
Long term orientation tend to be pragmatic, modest and more thrifty
Short-term - people tend to place more emphasis on principles, consistency and truth
Individualism vs Collectivism
refer to the strength of the ties that people have to other within their community
High IDV - weal interpersonal connection and take less responsibility for others' action and outcomes
Collectivist society - loyal to the group to which they belong, the group will defend their interest and take responsibility for one another's well-being
Indulgence vs Restraint
Countries with high IVR score, allow relatively free gratification of people's own drives and emotions, such as enjoying life and having fun.
Low IVR score, more emphasis on suppressing gratification and more regulation of people's conduct and behaviour
Power Distance Index
Refer to degree of inequality that exists
High PDI score - society accepts and unequal, hierarchical distribution or power
Low PDI score - power is shared and is widely dispersed