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chemistry_periodicity_HL_4 - Coggle Diagram
chemistry_periodicity_HL_4
transition metals
it is an element where the atom has an imcomplete 'd' sublevel or it can form positive ions with an incomplete d sub level
Zinc is a d block element BUT it is not a transition element
Zinc is not considered to be a transition metal as it does not have any incomplete d sub level as an atom or an ion
physical properties of transition metals
high electrical conductivity- delocalized electrons
high melting points- strong metallic bonds
malleable and ductile- regular arrangement of cation
high tensile strenght
shows mahnetoc properties
chemical properties of transition metals
have more than one oxidation state in the compounds
form complex ions
form colored compounds
can act as catalyst
complex ions
transition elements from complex ions in the solution
a complex ions forms a central metal ion bonded to ligands by coordinate covalent bonds
ligand is a pair of electrons and they loan the par of electrons
coordination number
number of ligands that are present or the number of dative bonds loaning to the central atom
ligands
they are lone pair of electrons that form coordinate covalent bonds with a central metal ion.
monodentate ligands only use a lone pair of electrons
bidentate ligands use two pairs of electrons to bond to the central metal ion.
polydentate ligands have six lone pairs of electrons that bond with the central metal ion,
coordination compound
they are made up of complex ions and counter ions which balance the charge of the complex ion.
coordination compounds are neutral because of the counter ions.
comparison of succesive ionization energy between calcium and chromium
Ca has a larger ionization energy
the third electron is removed
3d and 4s have similar amount of energy resulting in the increase of the ionization energy
magnetism
magnetism is present in transition metals as they have unpair 3d electrons
Zinc is dimagnetic and they do not show any effect in the magnetic field as they do not have any unpaired electrons
The other ions that have an increasing number of unpaired ions shows the increasing paramagnetic field- Mn has a stronger has a paramagnetic effect and cu has a weaker paramagnetic effect
catalyst properties of the transition metals
alternative reaction pathway
lower activation energy
heterogenus- catalyst and reactants are in different states
homogenus- the catalyst and the reactants are in the same states