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Sickle cell enimia Sickle cell is an inherited blood disorder - Coggle…
Sickle cell enimia
Sickle cell is an inherited blood disorder
Causative Factors
sickle cell disease is inherited if two genes are passed down.
If both mother and father carry the trait of sickle cell then the child will inherit skittle cell.
Taking decongestants can cause constrictions of the blood vessels and could trigger a crisis
A crisis can also be caused by high altitudes, cold weather, swimming in cold water and heavy physical labor
treatments
Pain medications
Drinking plenty of water daily (8 to 10 glasses), this is to prevent and treat pain crises.
Blood transfusions- this can treat anemia and prevent stroke. This is also used to dilute the sickled hemoglobin with normal hemoglobin to treat chronic pain, acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration.
Vaccinations and antibiotics are used to prevent infections
Folic acid is used to prevent sever anemia
Hydroxyurea- this medication helps reduce the frequency of pain crises and acute chest syndrome, I can also help decrease the need of blood transfusions
Regular eye exams are used to screen for retinopathy
Bone marrow transplant- if there is a suitable bone marrow donor this can cure someone with sickle cell disease, this decision to have this procedure is based on the severity of the disease and having a suitable donor.
Risk Factors
Having family history of sickle cell disease increses your risk for the disease
Anemia- caused by short- lived or destroyed red blood cells. Severe anemia can make you feel dizzy, short of breath, and tired.
Pain crisis- are caused by blockage in areas where the sickled cells have became stuck in the blood vessel.
This pain can occur anywhere but the most common areas are in the chest, arms, and legs.
Infants and young children may experience painful swelling of the fingers and toes.
Interruption in blood flow may also cause tissue death.
Acute chest syndrome- occurs when sickling occurs in the chest. sickled cells stick together and block the flow of oxygen in the tiny vessels in the lungs.
This can be life threatening, it often happens suddenly when the body is under stress from infection, fever, or dehydration.
Acute chest syndrome can be mistaken for pneumonia and can include fever, pain, and a violent cough.
Splenic sequestration (pooling)- sickle cells pooling in the spleen can cause a sudden drop in hemoglobin and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
Stroke- with sickled cells blocking major blood vessels that supply the brain with oxygen, can result in sever brain damage. If you have one stroke from sickle cell anemia, you are most likely to have a second and third.
Jaundice- with having sickle cell, red blood cells do not survive long enough for the liver to filter them out causing jaundice.
Priapism- a painful obstruction of blood vessels on the penis by sickle cells.
Genetic details
The sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation both copies of a persons HBB gene. This mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together, creating sickle shaped red blood cells.
common findings
Sickle cell is common to cause increased infections, leg ulcers, bone damage, early gallstones, kidney damage, eye damage and multiple organ failure.
diagnostic test
with complete medical history and physical exam, a blood test can diagnose sickle cell
Some states routinely screen newborns for sickle cell so treatment can began as soon as possible , early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of complications
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a blood test that can determine if someone is a carrier of sickle cell