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Wundt and Behaviourism; - Coggle Diagram
Wundt and Behaviourism;
Wundt and introspection;
Psychology - The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those functions affecting behaviour in a given context.
In 1879 Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany.
Wundt was important because he separated psychology from philosophy by analysing the workings of the mind in a more structured way, with the emphasis being on objective measurement and control.
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Operant conditioning;
Operant conditioning - A method of learning that involved punishment and rewards for behaviour and associations made through behaviour and consequence.
Positive reinforcement - A response or behaviour that is strengthened by rewards that leads to the repetition of that desired behaviour. Eg; Giving a rat food pellets for pulling a lever.
Negative reinforcement - The termination of an unpleasant state, removal of an adverse stimulus which is unpleasant to the person, where you repeat a behaviour to avoid an unpleasant outcome. Eg; Having a shower to avoid comment like 'Oi you smell'.
Positive punishment - When you give someone a punishment or adverse stimulus to discourage a behaviour. Eg; Shouting at a student because they have forgotten a pen.
Negative punishment - Involving taking something desirable or good away from an individual to discourage behaviour. Eg; A teacher takes away a students phone to discourage them getting their phones out in class.
Schedules of reinforcement - Reinforcing every response is a useful way to establish the learning of a particular response but it is difficult to maintain over time. A partial reinforcement schedule (eg; every 10th time a behaviour is shown) would reinforce regularly and be easier to maintain over time.
Evaluation - (+) Classical and operant conditioning have been shown in lab experiments.
(-) Classical and operant conditioning assert that free will is an illusion because our behaviour is a consequence of our lived experiences.
(-) Classical and operant conditioning do not take into account our biology.
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