The significance of wisdom in addressing contemporary world problems and its role of wise reasoning in improving leadership, sustainability, inequality, gross national happiness, and civic discourse to facilitate and inhibit wisdom and foster wisdom in education, organisations and institutions.

Cultural Shifts: individualism and self-centeredness due to cultural products and practices that emphasize personal achievement and uniqueness

Confirmation Bias: interpret information in confirming one's preexisting beliefs to limits diverse viewpoints and integrate them into decision-making processes.

Lack of Epistemic Humility, the recognition of one's own limitations and the fallibility of one's knowledge to block alternative perspectives and being open to new information.

Cognitive Biases such as overconfidence and anchoring bias leads to flawed decision-making and prevent individuals from considering all relevant information

Lack of Reflective Thinking: involves introspection and self-awareness to prevent individuals from critically examining their own beliefs and biases.

Lack of diverse Life Experience:age and life experience

Lack of Emotional Intelligence: Emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others, is closely related to wise reasoning can hinder the ability to empathise with others and consider their perspectives. ✅

Lack of Open-Mindedness: the willingness to consider new ideas and perspectives can prevent individuals from integrating diverse viewpoints .

Judging Goodness: Wise leaders practice moral discernment and make judgments based on what is good for society, guided by their own values and ethics.

Balancing Conflicting Interests: Wise leaders are able to balance the interests of different stakeholders and find solutions that serve the common good. ✅ I am good in it

Exercising Political Power: Wise leaders have the ability to bring people together, mobilize them towards a common goal, and exercise political judgment to navigate organisational dynamics. ✅ I am doing good on it

Encourage Reflection and Self-Awareness: Organizations can create a culture that values reflection and self-awareness through practices such as journaling, mindfulness exercises, or regular self-assessment sessions. By encouraging individuals to reflect on their experiences and actions, organizations can help them develop a deeper understanding of themselves and their decision-making processes.

Provide Opportunities for Experience:provide opportunities for leaders and employees to gain practical knowledge by exposing them to diverse situations and challenges through job rotations, cross-functional projects, or stretch assignments that allow individuals to learn from different perspectives and context.

Foster Mentoring and Apprenticeship: Mentoring and apprenticeship programs can be implemented to facilitate the transfer of practical wisdom from experienced leaders to emerging leaders. By pairing individuals with mentors who have demonstrated practical wisdom, organisations can provide guidance, support, and opportunities for learning and growth. ❤

Encourage Ethical Decision-Making:emphasise the importance of ethical decision-making and provide training and resources to promoteethical culture help leaders and employees navigate ethical dilemmas through hvalues and principles.

Promote a Learning Culture: create a learning culture that encourages continuous growth and development through initiatives such as training programs, knowledge-sharing platforms, and communities of practice by promoting a culture of learning.

Embrace Diversity and Inclusion: create an environment that fosters the exchange of ideas and the development of practical wisdom through the integration of different viewpoints.

I have learnt how important to have different viewpoints in leadership development. I do have awareness in listening to other's perspectives. Wise reasoning contributes to improved leadership and sustainability by promoting a pragmatic capacity to balance and integrate diverse viewpoints, to navigate the the uncertainty and change inherent of complexities of social and environmental challenges leading to more adaptive and sustainable solutions by incorporating wise reasoning into their decision-making processes, leaders can foster collaboration, inclusive, and long-term thinking. Wise reasoning involves context-sensitive processing of knowledge focusing on the needs and concerns of various stakeholders. This ability to consider multiple perspectives and weigh the potential consequences of decisions helps leaders make informed and ethical choices that benefit both themselves and the greater good. However, I am considering listening too many other diverse viewpoints will negatively impact on my own decision making as those viewpoints bring too many distractions to shift my focus on too many aspects.

My reflection: I am not good in grasping the essence in business setting and other complex things due to my limitations of my intelligence ⚠ I really need improve this skills

I am also bed in practice experiences but I will find more opportunities to engage in.