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Computer hardware 1.3 ( memory, storage, motherboards, input and output) -…
Computer hardware 1.3 ( memory, storage, motherboards, input and output)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM.
ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down.
Information is written to an EEPROM chip after it is manufactured.
EEPROM chips are also called Flash ROMs
can be erased and re-written without having to remove the chip from the computer.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU.
Volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off.
More RAM means more capacity to hold and process large programs and files, as well as enhance system performance.
Memory module
Are memory chips that have been soldered on to a special circuit board for easy installation and removal.
Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) is a circuit board that holds SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, and DDR2 SDRAM chips
RAM Bus Inline Memory Module (RIMM) is a circuit board that holds RDRAM chips.
Small Outline DIMM (SODIMM) is a smaller, more condensed version of DIMM which provides random access data storage that is ideal for use in laptops, printers, and other devices where conserving space is desirable.
The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can process because faster memory improves the performance of the processor. As processor speed increases, memory speed must also increase.
Random Access Memory Installation
Cache and Error Checking
Cache
SRAM is used as cache memory to store the most frequently used data.
SRAM provides the processor with faster access to the data than retrieving it from the slower DRAM or main memory.
Error Checking
Memory errors occur when the data is not stored correctly in the RAM chips.
The computer uses different methods to detect and correct data errors in memory:
non parity
parity
ECC
Storage Drives
Read or write information to magnetic storage media.
They may be fixed or removable.
The
hard disk drive (HDD)
is a magnetic storage device. The storage capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB). Hard drive speed is measured in RPM (revolutions per minute).
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Optical Drives, Flash Drives & Drive Interfaces
Magnetic tapes are most often used for backups or archiving data.
An
optical drive
is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. The three types are CD, DVD, and BD (Blu-ray).
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RAID Levels
RAID provides a way to store data across multiple hard disks for redundancy.
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Motherboard Form Factors
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