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Literature Review- Cookstove Projects-2 - Coggle Diagram
Literature Review- Cookstove Projects-2
SEWA Charcoal Cookstove in Mali
Background
Sahelian Country with limited forest cover & high
reliance on biomass.
95% of the population relied on biomass.
Subsidy and Carbon offset Project
Ketene Kadji (Cookstove Company) received direct subsidy for improvement cookstove production & dissemination.
Ketene Kadji collaborated with E+Carbon to develop
carbon offset project
Carbon Credits(CCs) sold to companies as CSR.
Revenue from CCs sales covered costs, allowed for
subsidized stove sales & expanded production.
Subsidy phase out approach, gradually reducing subsidy
for 3years.
Impact of the Intervention
25% reduction in fuel cost of households.
On average, stove saves households 340kg of charcoal per year, resulting in 2.2 tonnes of avoided CO2 emissions annually.
Skilled & Unskilled job created along SEWA production
value chain.
SEWA medium sized stove saved $25 per year for an
household.
Toyolo Cookstove Program in Ghana
Background
Forest degradation & degradation linked to inefficient
charcoal production.
TEL Innovative Model
Involved people along value chain as supplier, manufacturer & retailers.
Used secured loans & collaborated with E+Company for
CCs generation for customers.
Key Outcomes
Reduced charcoal use by approx one-third, saving of
about 26,000 of tonnes of charcoal per year.
Reduced deforestation, particularly of non-renewable
wood use.
EcoZone Improved Wood & Charcoal Stoves
Intervention in Kenya
Background
2.7 millions households lacking access to the electrical
grid & 7.8 million using solid fuels for cooking.
HAP causes approximately 15,000 Kenyan deaths
annually.
Affordability Measures
Ensure affordability for distributors through credit terms, collaborate with MFIs for loans, and partner with corporations for check-off programs.
Customer-Centric Design & After-Sales Support
Tailored human-centered design process to meet customer needs and preferences.
Comprehensive after-sales services, including:
Training
Monitoring
Product warranty
Maintenance
Repair
Financial inclusion
Marketing and Dissemination Strategies: Lessons from Cookstove Projects
Training local residents
Involving women and children in outreach and marketing.
Benefits include job creation, increased receptivity, and enhanced community investment in project success.
Marketing Channels
Utilize diverse marketing channels, considering local culture and infrastructure.
Consider unconventional methods like stage plays for advertising alongside traditional media (radio, television, newspaper).
Harness the power of word-of-mouth marketing within communities.
Leverage existing local networks and partnerships for efficient information dissemination.
Cultural Considerations
Involve both genders in project design for a holistic approach.
Consider cultural perspectives on food practices and technology when marketing improved cookstoves.
Prioritize women's needs and perspectives as primary stove users in pricing, distribution, instructions, and design.
Key Considerations for Cookstove Projects
Size & portability of stove should be considered while
calculating household benefit & impact.
Portable stoves require fewer measures to address ventilation and indoor air pollution (IAP), and are more likely to be taken when households move.
Establish a system for stove repair and replacement to ensure longevity and user satisfaction.
Recommend multiple local implementation partners for project continuity in case of changes.
Critical Success Factors for Scaling Cookstove Programs
Stove Technical Factors
Improved efficiency and reduced emissions are vital for enhancing cookstove performance and appeal.
Design factors are critical in meeting diverse user needs.
Ensuring quality and durability of stoves is essential for sustained use and customer satisfaction.
Limited subsidies
Large subsidies can diminish the perceived value of the stove, affecting user willingness to use, maintain, and repurchase the product.
The Kenyan Clean Cooking Program
Background
The Kenyan government implemented the Kenya Clean Cooking Program (KCCP) to promote clean cooking solutions.
KCCP focuses on distributing improved cookstoves and facilitating the adoption of cleaner fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
The program aims to address health, environmental, and economic challenges associated with traditional cooking practices.
In Kenya, 82% of households use solid fuels, primarily firewood and charcoal, for cooking.Solid fuel use leads to adverse health effects, environmental degradation, and significant time and financial burdens for households.
Steps Leading to Program Success in Kenya
Multi-stakeholder collaboration: The KCCP involved partnerships between the government, NGOs, private sector, and community organizations, ensuring a coordinated approach to program implementation.
Distribution infrastructure: The program established an extensive distribution network for improved cookstoves and LPG cylinders, making them easily accessible to households.
Subsidized pricing: The government provided subsidies on both improved cookstoves and LPG cylinders, reducing the financial barriers and making them affordable for low-income households.
Awareness campaigns: The KCCP conducted targeted awareness campaigns, emphasizing the health benefits of clean cooking technologies and the risks associated with traditional cooking practices.
Training and capacity building: The program offered training programs to promote proper usage and maintenance of improved cookstoves and LPG systems, ensuring sustained impact.
Key Outcomes
Distribution of improved cookstoves: Over 1 million improved cookstoves were distributed, resulting in a reduction of approximately 2.7 million tons of CO2 emissions and improved health outcomes for households.
Adoption of LPG: The program facilitated the adoption of LPG as a cleaner cooking fuel, leading to a decline in fuelwood consumption by an estimated 30% and a decrease in deforestation rates.
Key Challenges
Affordability: Despite subsidies, the upfront costs of improved cookstoves and LPG cylinders may still be a barrier for some low-income households.
Behavior change: Overcoming cultural preferences and habits associated with traditional cooking methods can be challenging and require sustained awareness and education campaigns.
The Zambian Household Energy Program
Background
In Zambia, 93% of households rely on solid fuels, with charcoal being the predominant cooking fuel.
Charcoal production contributes to deforestation and the degradation of natural resources.
The Zambian government implemented the Zambian Household Energy Program (ZHHEP) to promote clean cooking technologies.
ZHHEP focuses on distributing energy-efficient cookstoves and facilitating the use of biogas systems.
The program aims to improve health outcomes, reduce deforestation, and enhance energy access in rural areas.
Challenges and Reasons for Program Failure
Affordability and accessibility: High upfront costs of clean cooking technologies and limited availability of clean cooking fuels hindered widespread adoption in Zambia.
Awareness and behavior change: Limited awareness about the benefits of clean cooking technologies and resistance to change traditional cooking practices slowed progress.