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T helper cells, CD4+ T cells, Dendritic Cell - Coggle Diagram
T helper cells
To B cells and CD8+ T cells and they stimulate cells of innate system
By releasing signaling molecules (cytokines) that activate and guide other molecules
CD4+ T cells
Function
B cells
Antibodies
CD8+ T cells
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Cytokines secretion
Activation of effector cells
Classification
Th1
Inflammatory cytokines production
IFN-γ
GM-CSF
TNF-α
LT
IL-2
Cytokines differentiated into Th1
IFN-γ
by NK
IL-12
by DC and macrophages
Phenotype/surface markers
CXCR3
CCR5
Transcription factors (for more Th1 production)
T-BET
Function
stimulate neutrophils
anti-bacterial function
macrophage activation
increase phagocytosis
intracellular pathogens: virus and bacteria
stimulate cytotoxic T cells
increases MHC I
Th2
Function
Secrete cytokines
Activate the cellular antibody responce to parasites
Basophils
Eosinophils
Mast cells
support B cells
repair tissue damage by infection
non-inflammatory
extracellular pathogens
Cytokines differentiated into Th2
IL-4
produced by basophil through the innate immune system
Cytokine production
IL-4
IL-5
IL-13
IL-10
recovry
TGF-β
recovery
Transcription factors
GATA-3
Phenotype/surface markers
CCR4
CRTH2
circulating human type 2 Th and type 2 T cytotoxic cells
CCR8
Th17
Cytokine production
IL-17
IL-22
IL-21
Function
enhances the neutrophil responce to extracellular bacteria and fungi
phagocytosis
activates the epithelium in gut/skin
autoimmunity
when body cannot see difference between own cells and virus anymore so stars attack normal cells as well
inflammatory responces
Cytokines differentiated into Th17
IL-21
IL-6
IL-23
TGF-β
Transcription factors
ROR γT
Phenotype/surface marker
CCR6
KLRB1
mucosal surfaces
Tfh
Transcription factors
BCL-6
Phenotype/surface markers - Receptors
CXCR5
Function
Help B cells become activated, switch isotope and increase affinity
Cytokine secretion
Differentiation of antigen-activated B cells
Antibody secretion plasma cells
Defense against extracellular pathogens
Cytokine production
IFN-γ
IL-21
IL-4
Cytokines differentiated into Tfh
IL-16
IL-23
Treg
Function
prevent
Further inflammation
Tissue damage
regulate T cell priming
suppress all T effector cells (Th and CT)
allergic reaction
prevent autoimmunity
peripheral tolerance
maintain immune system balance
Cytokine production
IL-35
TGB-B
IL-10
Transcription factor
FOXP3
Phenotype/surface markers - Receptors
IL-2 RA
PD1
CTL4
Arise during T cell differentiation
Cytokines that produce Treg
TG-β
IL-2
Th9
Cytokine production
IL-9
Transcription factors
STAT6
PU.1
Phenotype/surface marker
CCR6
CXCR3
CCR3
Function
defense against extracellular pathogens
mucosal autoimmunity
cancer regulation
activates mast cells
regulate allergic reactions
stimulates IgE production
can influence the activities of
Th1
Th2
Th17
Cytokines differentiated into Th9
IL-6
IL-21
IL-2
IL-4
TG-β
Hematopoiesis
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell
Common lymphoid precursor
Common T-cell precursor/ ILC precusor
CD8
Common CD4 T cell precursor
Pathogen response
Recognise peptides
MHC II
TCR
Dendritic Cell
Plasmacytoid DC
Description
Plasma cell like morphology
Rapid production of type I and type III interferons for
viral infections
Cell markers
CCR7,
CD45RA
, CD209, CLEC4C, LILRB4, NRP1, B220, SiglecH, IFN-alpha,
CD123
,
CD303, CD304
low expression: CD11b, CD11c, CD33
Transcription factors
IRF4, IRF7, IRF8
Products
INF-alfa, TNF-alfa, IL-6, granzyme B
Receptors
TLR7, TLR9: inside the cell; sensor for viral receptors; killing these viruses
Responds to
single-stranded viral RNAs; unmethylated CpG motifs in double-stranded DNA
Myeloid cDC1 (conventional)
Description
Notable for crosspresentation, effective in priming CD8+ T cells against
(extra?) or intracellular antigens
Cell markers
BTLA, CADM1, CD8A,
CLEC9A
, ITGAE, ITGAX, LY75, THBD, XCR1,
CD33
,
CD141
low expression: CD11b, CD11c
Transcription factors
BATF3, ID2, IRF8, ZBTB46
Products
IFNy,
TNF-alfa, IL-12, CXCL9
,
CXCL10
Receptors
MHC Class I
Respond to
viral RNA, DNA,
TLRs, NK cell activation, CD8 activation
Myeloid cDC2 (conventional)
Description
Dominant DC subset in blood, tissues and lymphoid organs
Robust repertoire of pattern recognition receptors (extra and intra)
Cell markers
CD14, CD163, CLEC10A, NOTCH2, ITGAM, SIRPA, CX3CR1, CD1C, CD2,
CD33
,
CD11C, CD11B
Transcription factors
ID2, IRF4, KLF4, ZBTB46
Responds to
TLR agonists (Lipopolysaccharide, flagellin (-> from bacteria), Poly I:C, R848).
Products
IL-8, IL-1,
TNF
-
alfa, IL-12, IL-23**
, Il-10**
Receptors
TLR2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 (membrane markers); NOD2; NLRP1, 3 and NAIP; Dectin 1 and Dectin 2.
Hematopoiesis
Macrophage and dendritic cell precursor
Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor
Common myeloid precursor
Hematopoietic stem cell