Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING, -Confined to a relatively small space, such…
INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING
Definition
A network consists of two or more computers connected together by network media/medium/channel and sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices.
Elements
Host
A computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network
Node
A client, server, or other device tha can communicate over a network and that is identified by a unique number, known as its network address
Workstation
A personal computer (such as a desktop or laptop)
Client
A computer on the network that requests resources or services from another computer on a network
server
A computer on the network that manages shared resources
Segment
composed of a group of nodes that use the same communications channel for all their traffic
Connectivity Device
allows multiple networks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data
Transmission Media
The means through which data is transmitted and received
Topology
Physical layout of a computer network
Bus
all workstations are connected to a single communication line
Ring
workstation is connected to two other computers with the entire network forming a circle
Star
all stations are connected to a central controller switch/hub
Hybrid
Star Wired Bus
groups of workstations are star-connected to connectivity devices and then networked via a single bus
Star Wired Ring
uses the physical layout of a star in conjunction with the ring logical topology
Network Interface Card (NIC)
device inside a computer that connects a computer to the network media
Network Operating System (NOS)
software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions
Types of Networks
Peer-to-peer
Decentralized
Less initial expense
Every computer is capable of sending and receiving information to and from very other computer
Does not provide the security available on a client/server network
Every computer can communicate directly with every other computer
Client/server
To function as a server, a computer must be running a Network Operating System (NOS)
uses a server to enable clients to share data, data storage space, and devices
Flexibility
Interoperability
Expense
Scalability
Centralized
Accessibility
Dependence
The Classifications of Networks
LAN
Easy physical connection of computers in a network
Confined to a relatively small space, such as a building or an office
Inexpensive medium of data transmission
High data transmission rate
Usually spans about 0 - 5kms
Functions of LAN Connectivity Hardware
Switch
Repeater
Routers
Hub
Bridges
Gateways
MAN
usually >50kms of range
Communication facility
Remote data entry
Connects two or more geographically distinct LANs or MANs
Centralised information
The transmission medium used is normally telephone lines, microwaves and satellite links
Internet is an example of a WAN
WAN
A company having multiple offices in various parts of a city generally uses this type of network.
Larger than a LAN; connects clients and servers from multiple buildings
usually 5 - 50kms of range
Example is the cellular or mobile phone network
Standards
ensure the interoperability of networking technologies by defining the rules of communication among networked devices
exist to help ensure products of different vendors are able to work together in a network without risk of incompatibility
International Organization for Standardization(ISO)
International Telecommunication Union(ITU)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)
Internet Society(ISOC)
Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
-Confined to a relatively small space, such as a building or an office
BY : TAN JUN YU :D