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Introduction of networking, Inexpensive medium of data transmission, LEE…
Introduction of networking
Elements
Workstation
A personal computer (such as a desktop or laptop), which may or may not be connected to a network
Host
A computer that enables resource sharing by other computers on the same network
Node
A client, server, or other device that can communicate over a network
Segment
A part of a network.
Connectivity Device
A specialized device that allows multiple networks or multiple parts of one network to connect and exchange data.
Transmission Media
The means through which data is transmitted and received.
Topology
The physical layout of a computer network.
Bus
Hybrid
Star Wired Bus
Star Wired Ring
Ring
Star
Network Operating System (NOS)
software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions
Network Interface Card (NIC)
device inside a computer that connects a computer to the network media
Client
A computer on the network that requests resources or services from another computer on a network.
Server
A computer on the network that manages shared resources
Defination
A network consists of two or more computers connected together by network media/medium/channel and sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices.
The Classifications of Networks
LAN
Confined to a relatively small space
such as a building or an office.
Usually spans about 0 - 5kms
Each computer has the potential to communicate with any other computer of the network.
High data transmission rate.
Easy physical connection of computers in a network.
Functions of LAN Connectivity Hardware
Routers
Switch
Gateways
Hub
Bridges
Repeater
WAN
Centralised information.
Remote data entry.
Connects two or more geographically distinct LANs or MANs.
Communication facility.
transmission medium used is
telephone lines
microwaves
satellite links
Internet is an example of a WAN.
MAN
Larger than a LAN
usually 5 - 50kms of range.
describe a network of computers spanning a metropolitan city
Example is the cellular or mobile phone network.
connects clients and servers from multiple buildings
Basic Elements of a Communication System
Destination
This device generates the data to be transmitted
Channel
This device generates the data to be transmitted
Source
This device generates the data to be transmitted
telephones
personal computers
The Networking Standards
ensure the interoperability of networking technologies by defining the rules of communication among networked devices.
exist to help ensure products of different vendors are able to work together in a network without risk of incompatibility.
Example
ANSI
EIA/TIA
IEEE
ISO
ITU
ISOC
ICANN
Fundamental Types of Networks
Client/server
Flexibility
Interoperability
Centralized
Accessibility
Scalability
Expense
Dependence
Peer-to-peer
Every computer can communicate directly with every other computer.
Less initial expense
Does not provide the security available on a client/server network.
Decentralized
Every computer is capable of sending and receiving information to and from very other computer.
Inexpensive medium of data transmission
LEE TIN HAO