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Carbon and Organic Molecules - Coggle Diagram
Carbon and Organic Molecules
Carbon Bonding
Readily bonds to hydrogen
Carbons are non-polar
In dehydration synthesis, carbon is readily available to create new bonds when water is removed
Carbon is flexible because it has 4 valence electrons
Functional groups
Atoms attached to a molecule
Provides molecule with specific physical and chemical properties
Important when forming macromolecules
Classified by polarity
Non-polar: Hydrophobic (hate water)
Cannot dissolve easily
Polar: Hydrophilic (loves water)
Dissolves easily
Hydroxyl
OH groups is attached to carbon (which creates an imbalance)
Polar (because of OH)
In carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
Alcohol
Carbonyl
Double bond between C and O
Polar
In carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
Aldehydes, Ketons
Carboxyl
Carbon with a double bond to O and a single bond to OH
Ionic (releases proteins and can act as weak acid)
In carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid
Organic acids
Amino
Nitrogen bonded with two hydrogens, all attached to a C
Ionic
In nucleic acids and proteins
Amino acids
Phosphate
Phosphate bonded with four hydrogens, all attached to C
Ionic
Used for energy storage
In lipids and nucleic acid
Sulfhydryl
Sulfure bonded with hydrogen, all attached to C
Polar
In enzymes