Tailoring Responses to Crisis Types: Different types of crises require different leadership responses by considering the uniqueness of each crisis to adapt their actions and communication strategies accordingly.
External-unintentional crises: leaders act as shepherds, protecting and guiding stakeholders, which ensure that everyone knows what they need to do to mitigate the impact of the crisis; In shaping how people perceive the impact of the crisis and how stakeholders judge their response by communicate timely, openly, honestly and clearly.
Internal-intentional crises: leaders need to take responsibility for their actions and implement strategies to regain trust to address internal issues within the organisation that were intentionally caused and have led to a crisis. They should take responsibility for their actions, communicate openly and honestly, and implement strategies to regain trust and support from stakeholders.