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(Functionalism: William James, I taught the first class of psychology at…
Functionalism: William James, I taught the first class of psychology at Harvard University in the year 1875. He is called the “father of psychology” in the US.
Behavioral Psychology:Ivan Pavlov, He tested some things on his dog, so he rang a tuning fork each time he gave a dog some meat powder, he would normally salivate when the powder reached its mouth. When this became normal the dog salivate when it heard the ring of the tuning fork, yet sometimes it had no food.
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Humanistic Psychology:Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Rollo May, They describe human nature as evolving ans seld-directed.
Biological Psychology: Emphsize the impact of biology on heabior. Study how th brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence out behavior.
Sociocultural Physchology:Study the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning.
Structuralism:Wilhelm Wundt, He started his Laboratory of Physchology. He was trained in physiology, which is the study of how the body works, but he was really interested in the human mind. A method od self-observation that he developed called introspection was to collect information about the mind.
Inheritable Traits: Sir Francis Galton, He wanted to understand how heredity influence a person’s abilities, character, and behavior. After tracting the ancestry of various eminent people he concluded that genius or emninece is a hereditary trait.
Gestalt Physchology: Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt koffka, They argued that perception is more than the sum of its parts. It studied how sensations are assembled into perceptual experiences, it became the forerunner for cognitive approaches to the study of physcology.
Physchonalaytics Physchology: Sigmund Freud, He was interested in the unconscious mind, according to him, unconscious motivations and conflicts are respoibsle for most human behavior.
Cognitive Psychology: Jean Piaget, Noam Chomosky, and Leon Festinger, Focus on how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how this information influences out thinking, language, problem solving, and creativity.
