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How Does Music Impact the Effectiveness of Study? - Coggle Diagram
How Does Music Impact the Effectiveness of Study?
Variables
Dependent
Dependent Variable: Test score
To reach a more conclusive and objective result, the dependent variable used to measure the effect of lyrics on the effectiveness of study. This objective quantitative measure allows for extraneous variables such as placebo and biases to be reduced to a minimum.
Possible Dependent Variables:
Test scores
Heart rate
Personal ranking of concentration during study
Teacher analysis of quality of student study and concentration
Independent
Independent Variable: presence of lyrics
Following research, it was found that music composed entirely of instrumental, as in no words, was most effective for studying, as music with lyrics tends to distract individuals and draw their attention away from their work. To test this, a music segment with words and another consisting of instrumental was used as the independent variable to test whether lyrical music affects an individual's ability to effectively study.
Possible Independent Variables:
Genre of music
Length of study time
Length of music segment
Volume of music
Presence of lyrics
Tempo of music
Extraneous
Participant variables:
Participant variables are individual differences and features of participants that cannot be controlled, such as sex, ethnicity, age. etc.
A students background, upbringing, and family may alter their study routine or productiveness, as some cultures put a larger emphasis on academics. This means that some students may have higher/lower test scores based on their upbringing
Situational Variables:
Situational variables are associated with the procedure of the experiment, such as temperature or time of day
For example, studies have shown that studying earlier in the day is most effective for retention of information. As a result, conducting the experiment later in the day may reduce the effectiveness of study
Controlled
Controlled Variables:
Controlled variables are ones which are kept constant throughout the experiment to ensure high accuracy of results
In this experiment, factors such as the presence of external sound, temperature, and company much be regulated
Sample/Population
Population:
As the study focuses on the effectiveness of the study, the target population that this investigation could draw conclusions on will be students. To target a more specific demographic and achieve more realistic results, this student population can be reduced to high school students and a specific grade level, for example, year 12 high school students. Although this would cause the results of the investigation to reflect a smaller audience, it wouldallow for more insightful and applicable conclusions to be made.
Sample:
As the observed population is year 12 high school students, the sample will need to reflect this. As a result, the chosen sample for this investigation will consist of two equally sized Stage 2 Math Methods classes, where one acts as a control group, and the other as the experimental group. A disadvantage of this sample is that it does not take into account year 12 students who participate in other classes, but its advantage is its basic and formulaeic structure of study.
Research Design
Types of research design:
Experimental
Observational
Qualitative
Chosen Design: Experimental
The experimental design type will allow for a cause-effect relationship to be established between the independent and dependent variable. This will allow for more specific conclusions to be drawn. A disadvantage of the experimental design is its lack of realism, meaning the manufactured structure may cause the results to be inapplicable to real life.
Impacting factors:
personal attitude
motivations
learning skills
learning environment
peer pressure
intelligence
focusing abilities
memory skills
Ethical Considerations
Informed Consent:
Informed consent refers to a situation in which all potential participants receive and understand all the information they need to decide whether they want to participate. This includes information about the study’s benefits, risks, funding, and institutional approval. To achieve this, potential participants can be provided with a consent form to fill out which details information about the experiment.
Voluntary Participation:
Voluntary participation means that all research subjects are free to choose to participate without any pressure or coercion.All participants are able to withdraw from, or leave, the study at any point without feeling an obligation to continue or provide a reason to leave the study. To achieve this, participants will be given rights to withdraw from the study or revoke their consent at any point without facing negative reprecussions for this decision.
Confidentiality:
Confidentiality means that you know who the participants are, but you remove all identifying information from your report. This can be achieved through ID numbers, where identifying information such as names, phone numbers, email addresses, IP addresses, physical characteristics, etc are kept disclosed.
Accurate Reporting:
Researchers are required to publish an accurate model of the data collected, regardless of whether the results are undesirable. This means that the data cannot be altered to fit a certain biases.
Deception:
Participants may not be lied to throughout the study under any circumstance, unless it is with justifiable reason such as avoiding a placebo effect. Participants must be debriefed of any deception occurring throughout the study after it has been completed.