Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

CELL - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Flagella
        
        Longer than Cilia, used to propel a cell (sperm)
      - Microvilli
        
        Fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that project from the cell surface. They increase surface area and are found on absorptive cells like intestinal or kydney cells
      - Cilia
        
        Organized in large numers in the surface. They move in a conerted fashion
    - - Mitochondria
        
        Celular Power Plant
        
        ATP generated -Contain their own DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes - Can reproduce themselves - Bacteria- like
      - Golgi Apparatus
        
        Traffic Director for cellular proteins. - Modifies, concentrates and ppackages proteins and lipids for export from cell
      - Lysosomes
        
        Contain digestive enzymes - Large and abundant phagoytes an digest almost all kinds of biological molecules - Support an acidic internal environment: Many H+ pumps in the membrane: Acidic Hydorlases that work best in acidic conditions.
        
        Digest particles taken in the endocytosis; degrades old organelles: and breaks down non-useful tissues
      - Endoplasmic Reticulum
        
        Smooth ER
        
        Its enzymes play no role in protein synthesis - Catalyze reactions involved in: Lipid metabolism, Cholesterol
        synthesis, Absortions and transportation of fat, Drug detoxification
        
        Rough ER
        
        Studded with ribosomes - Synthesizes proteins and encloses them in vesicles for transport to Golgi Apparatus
        
        System of interconnected tubes enclosing fluid-filled cavities
        Continuous with outer nuclear membrane
      - Peroxisomes
        
        Detoxification
        
        Catalases
        
        Convert hydrogen peroxide to water
        
        Oxidases
        
        Use O2 to detoxify molecules like alcohol and formaldehyde. Neutralizes Free Radicals by converting them to hydrogen peroxide (antioxidant effect)
    - - Cytoeskeleton
        
        Microfilaments
        
        Thin elements of actin that serve to strengthen the cell surface, resist compression and transmit force during shape changes
        
        Microtubules
        
        Centrioles
        
        are paired organelles that are responsible for organizing microtubules during mitosis
        Made up of 9 triplets of microtubules
        They form the basis of cilia and flagella
        
        Hollow tubes made up of tubulins that radiate from the centrosome. They determine the overall shape of the cell. Organelles like mitochondria attach to them via motor proteins and can be moved around the cell.
        
        Centrosome
        
        Microtubule organizing the center
        
        Gives the cell its distinct shape - Some types serve as important intra- and extra-cellular transport mechanisms
        
        Intermediate filaments
        
        Larger fibers that resemble woven rope that serve the main purpose of resisting pulling forces exerted on the cell (tearing)
      - Ribosomes
        
        Two Types
        
        Membrane-bound ribosomes
        
        On the Rough ER, Synthesizing proteins for incorporation into cell membranes, lysosomes, or for exocytosis
        
        Free ribosomes
        
        Float in cytosol and generate cytosolic proteins (and those destinated for mitochondria and other organelles)
        
        Protein synthesis
        
        Composed of
        
        Ribosomal RNA
        
        Proteins
- - - - Nuclear pores
        
        Allows transport of molecules (mRNAs) and large particles
- - - - Lipid rafts
        
        More stable and less fluid than other membrane portions
        
        Can include or exclude specific proteins
        
        Great concentration Cholesterol
        
        Unique Lipids
        
        Saturated Phospholipids
      - Phospholipids
        
        Transport of fat between the intestine and the liver (in the form of lipoproteins)
        
        Nonpolar Hydrophobic Tail
        
        Polar Hydrophilic Head
      - Proteins
        
        Most membrane functions
        
        Integral proteins
        
        Tranmembrane proteins (Receptors) - Channeñ/Transporters - Inserted into the lipid bilayer
        
        Peripheral Proteins
        
        Cytoskeletal support. Filaments) - Attached to the integral proteins
        
        Made up by
        
        Amino-Acids
        
        protein synthesis, tissue repair, and nutrient absorption.
      - Cholesterol
        
        Inserts between phospholipid tails, stabilizing the membrane and decreasing membrane fluidity
        
        Nonpolar region
        
        Fused Ring System
        
        Polar region
        
        Hydroxyl group
      - Glycolipids
        
        Provides energy to the cell - Helps determining the blood group of an individual - Receptor at the surface of the red blood cells - Maintain stability of the cell
        
        Glycocalyx (Polar sugar group)
        
        Recognized by protein mediators outside (Intercellular communication). ''Sugar covering” that serves as a “fingerprint,” allowing other cells to recognize each other
        
        Fatty Acid Chain