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Light - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Refracted ray bends towards the normal upon emerging from the more optically dense medium, and a weak reflected ray is observed
    - - refracted ray travels along the interface of the 2 mediums
    - - total internal reflection will occur, and the law of reflection must be obeyed
- - - - parallel light ray are refracted inwards after passing through the lense and it is used a magnifying glass and to correct long sightedness
    - - parallel light ray are refracted outwards after passing through the lense, and is used to correct short sightedness
  - - - it is a horizontal line that passes through the optic centre c of the lens, the principle axis is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the lense
    - - it is the plane that passes through focal point and is perpendicular to the principle axis
    - - it is the point midway between the kens surface and along the principal axis, and the light rays passing through c will not refract
    - - it is the point in which all light rays perpendicular to the principle axis will pass through upon refraction from the lense
    - - it is the length between the focal point and the optic centre
- - - - the law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and the point of incidence, the reflected and incident ray all lie on the same plane (the law of reflection is always obeyed even on uneven surfaces)
    - - Normal
        
        The normal is an imaginary line drawn 90 degrees at the angle of incidence where the light rays hit a surface
      - Incident ray
        
        the incident ray is the light ray that is arriving at a surface
      - Reflected ray
        
        the reflected ray is the ray that bounces off a surface
      - Angle of incidence
        
        the angle of incidence is the angle formed between the incident ray and the normal
      - Angle of reflection
        
        the angle of reflection is the angle formed between the reflected ray and the surface
    - - Vision testing
        
        it makes objects seem further away than they actually are
      - Periscopes
      - Instrument scales
        
        a small mirror is placed below to pointer to prevent parallax error
  - - - Normal
        
        the normal is an imaginary line drawn 90 degrees at the boundary of 2 mediums at the point of incidence
      - Incident ray
        
        the incident ray is the light ray that arrives at the boundary of 2 mediums
      - Refracted ray
        
        the refracted ray is the light ray that leaves the boundary of 2 mediums
      - Angle of refraction
        
        the angle of refraction is the angle formed between refracted light ray and the normal
    - - refractive index is defined in terms of the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium. the larger the refractive index of a medium, the more optically dense it is. (the speed of light in a vacuum is the fastest, thus if light travels from air to another medium, it will always slow down) n=c/v
    - - the law of refraction states that the incident ray, refracted ray and normal lie on the same plane and that for any 2 given media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant