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global water crisis and solutions - Coggle Diagram
global water crisis and solutions
population growth
solutions:
Dams & Reservoirs:
Building new dams or increasing capacity of existing ones
Advantages: Allows more water to be stored prevents flooding
Disadvantages: Have led to the disappearance of birds in floodplains, losses of forests, wetland and farmland
Wells & Bore holes:
Tapping into aquifers to gain access to groundwater
Advantages: Provide approximately half of the worlds drinking water + 40% used by industries & 30% by irrigation water
Disadvantages: Groundwater supplies may be contaminated
Redistribution:
Through networks and grids over long distances
Advantages: Provides a greater and more equal access to water
Disadvantages: Very expensive, so is mainly found in MEDC rather than in LECS. In many countries there is limited ability to move water from areas of water surplus to areas of water deficit
Desalination:
Conversion of salt water into fresh water by the extraction of dissolved solid
Advantages: Desalination ford not affect water level in rivers and It could mean that controversial plants for new reservoirs could be shelve
Disadvantages: The plants are expensive, not viable for poorest countries, desalination plants are energy intensive with high ecological footprint
causes
irrigation
inequality
population grwoth
consequences
water scarcity, economic scarcity, human health, migration due to water scarcity, soil erosion, environmental degradation, social and political conflicts