Before the French revolution, the idea of anything but a monarchy wasn't a thing. So naturally, democracy wasn't an idea that was thought of at all. The cause of the revolution was due to the French monarchs not being able to rule the country to the peoples needs. And due to the flawed voting system where the higher classes would get the majority vote, despite the lower class citizens having significantly more people. So the citizens decided to make the decision theirs on how they live. This introduced the idea of the people ruling themselves, however caused fights about how they wanted the country to be ruled. The reason this caused WWI, is that it was the very beginning of the idea of people fighting over how power should be handled.

Nationalism, due to them fighting over how they should rule the country, not what government they should elect to rule the country

Liberalism: The French revolution was created as a result of what the people thought was individual rights at that time/place, and how liberalism is that the idea that people were entitled to those rights.

Conservatism: However, this also introduced the fighting parties, of mostly the higher class and said monarchs themselves, creating the idea of conservatism, the fight against the "natural order".

Held in 1814-1815, after the Napoleonic wars, the Congress of Vienna was a gathering aimed at the goal of reorganizing Europe, and stomping out any ideas the people had against them after the events of the Napoleonic wars. However, some of the aspects of the congress ended up contributing to a war in the future, specifically WWI..

Alliances: With the alliance among the major European powers, looking to collectively prevent Napoleonic actions, it ended up creating risk of backfire. Like the principal of intervention, which allowed them to intervene with what they thought was right, opening up opportunity to accidentally dig into bonds with other nations, causing tensions leading to WWI.

Imperialism: With the Congress of Vienna aiming to redraw the map of Europe, shifting power and territory around. Some of the changes made with the redrawing didn't acknowledge the wants and needs of the populations, and were never resolved, leading to the tension in the people for WWI.

Conservatism: Because the Congress was made of mostly conservative monarchies and aristocracies, their primary goal was to regain the status quo that napoleon messed up. And while aiming to regain stability, those who wanted individual rights started revolting.
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Liberalism: With the congress rebuilding conservative monarchies and acting near oblivious to the populations wants and needs, it sparked liberal movements and encouraged those in the movements to continue growing the fight against the status quo, the clashes between the two fueling future fights,

The Revolutions of 1848, were a series of uprisings and protests throughout Europe against the conservative monarchies and aristocracies. While they wanted to overthrow the conservative monarchies, it ultimately failed due to many of the revolutionaries fighting amongst each other, and ending up hurting the cause more than helping it.

Nationalism: Being a big motivator in the revolutions, Nationalist ideas were growing for a while by then, due to the ethnic and national diversity. The revolutions inevitably gained a nationalist tendency, with the amount of different groups wanting independence, it contributed to the cause of WWI due to the revival of different states and reforming of borders.

Imperialism: The revolutions at the time also posed a threat to the Imperial powers of Europe. The monarchies saw it as a challenge to authority, and thus often used military force to try and stomp them out.

Liberalism: Despite all liberals wanting their individual rights, their main requests were different, causing breaks in their revolutions, and even friendly fire as some turned against each other due to the disagreements.
Conservatism: As the liberals fought amongst themselves and became weaker because of it, they took the opportunities they could to squash the revolutions against them, using military force. Inspiring both sides to continue fighting against each other, and continued to feed the tension between citizens and authority.

The Austro-Prussian War (aka. The Seven Weeks War) took place in 1866, between Austria and Prussia, primarily revolving around the dispute of the leadership of German Confederation, and German unification. Although, that had a lot of effects, some of which potentially contributed to WWI.

Nationalism: Both powers wanted to assert themselves as the German power, and the war ended up becoming a contest for national pride. The outcome of the war intensifying nationalist rivalry among the German states.

Militarism: The war highlighted the effectiveness of modern military inventions and strategies. The success of Prussia and their innovations in war, like rail transport set a new standard for other European powers to militarize further on, contributing to the power everyone has, giving those more confidence to start wars, such as WWI.

Conservatism: Due to Prussia winning, they emphasized a big idea on monarchy and aristocracy. This solidifying their stance, the establishment of the German empire ended up being a conservative advancement.

The Franco-Prussian War took place in 1870-1871. It was another war between the kingdom of Prussia, and France. Ending with the french surrendering after the capture of Paris, Collapsing the second French empire, and established the third French republic.

Nationalism: The Franco-Prussian War fueled by nationalism. The war was partially France fearing a United Germany. Nationalist sentiments in both France and the German states shaped public opinion and the want for territory gain.

Imperialism: The war also had Imperialism. Imperial ambitions and territorial disputes were factors that influenced the burst of combat, as both sides wanted to either expand or protect their interests.

Militarism: Similar to the Austro-Prussian war, Prussias military strategy and their efficiency with their weapons showed off the importance of a strong military, inspiring others to attempt achieving similar, increasing the chance of future wars.

Liberalism: The aftermath of the war led to huge changes in France. The establishment of the third French Republic shifted towards liberal and republican government. And the war itself was driven by nationalist intents, which also had some liberal ideas with them.

Conservatism: From the perspective of Prussia, the war was seen as another big conservative success. The win of the war further nailed in the conservative order.

After the two wars, the Austro, and the Franco Prussian wars, the independent German states all consolidated into a unified nation state, mostly lead by Otto Von Bismark.

Nationalism: The German unification was mostly driven by nationalism among the German speaking groups of people. However, it also faced against the already existing order of Europe due to it being right in the heart of the continent, likely contributing to fear and conflicts.

Militarism: As part of the process, Germany quickly modernized its armed forces, quickly becoming one of the more formidable powers of Europe. Not only causing fear of the surrounding areas, causing arms races, but also striking fear into France, who also started to improve and modernize their weapons out of fear.

Conservatism: Blooming in Germany, the architect of the unification pursued conservative and pragmatic goals, over ideological. And while the unification was in progress, the policies implemented were conservative in nature, and attempted to suppress liberal and socialist movements right away.

The Bulgarian Crisis is a collection of struggles in the19th century, all collectively for the bigger struggle of Bulgarian independence from Ottoman rule in the region. It played a big role in the already pretty complex political landscape.

Nationalism: The desire for the independence from the Bulgarians was basically the physical action equivalent of nationalist thought. Though not only did it upset the Ottoman empire, but it raised potential for conflict that way.

Imperialism: The crisis also had aspects of imperialism, with the Bulgarians wanting to expand their territory and increase their power, drawing in the Ottoman, increasing potential for conflict.

Liberalism: The liberalist ideas of the Bulgarian Crisis allowed them to get more outside support, such as liberals from Europe. sympathizing with the Bulgarians against the Ottomans. However their interests in intervening obviously clashed with the ideas of conservatives wanting the state of the land to remain how it is.

Conservatism: On the other side, the Ottoman empire wanted to keep the status completely the same, and saw the request for independence as a threat to the stability of the empire. Alongside the Ottoman, Britain, and Austria both favored maintaining the "natural order".

The removal of Otto Von Bismark, the architect of German unification in the 19th century, Was mostly the result of conflicts with Emperor Willhelm II. Who wanted to assert a more aggressive foreign policy, and assert his own authority, marking a significant shift in German politics.

Militarism: Due to Bismark wanting to avoid unnecessary conflicts, him being removed from his position opened up a more aggressive stance, expanding the German military, heightening the risk of conflict.

Alliances: Bismark was skilled at maintaining alliances, mostly the Triple alliance with Austria-Hungary, and Italy. But after his removal, the diplomatic stability started to shake. The shifts in alliances and stability created a more uncertain geopolitical habitat, increasing caution around Germany, and potentially attacks.

Conservatism: Bismark was most known for conservative policies. These included the efforts of supressing socialist movements, to maintain the natural status. though, with his removal, the aggressive policies that deviated from what his previous policies, started causing tensions to rise in Europe.

The Franco-Russian Military Alliance was the agreement between France and Russia, being a defensive alliance against the potential threats of Germany. More specifically the growth of German military power. Said alliance provided support in the case of one gets attacked.

Alliances: The alliance system of Europe was an already complex web of agreements. The Franco-Russian alliance was a big addition to the web. Although it was designed as a defensive pact, it ended up causing more tension in Europe. And if Germany were to attack, it would end up causing a bigger fight than before, such as WWI.

Militarism: Germany being "Encircled" By the alliance, it caused them to start spending much more on their military forces. The increase in power would both lead to an increase of confidence in war, but also with nations wanting to test out their capabilities.

Liberalism: Liberalism didn't get much of a role in this alliance as conservative goals did. Instead it was more driven by pragmatic ideas.

Conservatism: The alliance matched much more with conservatism, as the goal of it was to preserve the natural order of Europe by preparing against a potential attack by Germany, should they want to overthrow the order that is already set.

Weltpolitik refers to "World politics" in German. Referring to Germanys shift towards a more assertive policy. The policy involved expanding the navy, pursuing colonies overseas, and asserting influence in national affairs.

Imperialism: Germanys pursuit of colonies put it in direct competition with the rival powers, such as France, creating major potential for conflict.

Alliances: The aggressive pursuit of military and colonies alerted and concerned other colonial powers, such as britain. Heightening tensions, increasing the chance of conflicts, as nations planned to try and counter Germany's aggressive strategy.

Conservatism: The shift towards Weltpolitik was extremely conservative in nature. Aiming to strengthen the already existing political and military order, to assume Germanys power. Although his conservative approach also helped with an aggressive policy that increased the chances of warfare by heightening tensions.

The Anglo-Japanese Treaty was a treaty of alliance between Britain and Japan. The treaty included Mutual defense as a response to Russia, Neutrality, ensuring if one went to war, the other would stay neutral. And Consultation, for them to discuss common interests and share strategies for their army and naval military.

Alliances: With the Japanese and Britain teaming up, it increased the likelihood of conflicts even more, stating that if one were to get attacked, it would cause a wider war, contributing to the wildfire of WWI.

Imperialism: Imperialism was a driver of the alliance, with Britain wanting to protect itself against Russia potentially trying to expand into their land, and Japan wanting to expand their land into Korea, potentially leading to conflict.

Conservatism: The treaty was conservatism in nature, with the motive being to maintain the balance and order of power in the nation.

The Serbian-Russian Alliance was a military and diplomatic partnership between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Russian empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was mostly created to try and stop the influence of Austria-Hungary's expansion, and helping out Serbian Nationalism.

Nationalism: Serbias Nationalism was the main motivator behind the Alliance Serbia wanted to expand in the region of the balkans, but that would clash with Austria Hungary, who wanted to keep the control over the areas.

Alliances: Almost all the major powers have alliances, with the Serbian-Russian Alliance being seen as a threat by Austria Hungary, who already had their own alliance. The tight complexity of the alliances would ensure that a huge burst of war would break out had one of the two started fighting.

Conservatism: Austria-Hungary, who wanted to keep the imperial control, viewed the Serbian-Russian alliance as a threat to the order, contributing even more to potential fights.

The Entente Cordiale was an agreement between France and the united kingdom, marking a significant improvement in the relationship, which until then had been very tense, paving a path between the two.

Alliance: Although it created a military understanding and settled many tensions, as all alliances go, it has the potential to draw both nations onto one side of a fight, should it ever happen.

Liberalism: Although it was signed to keep the natural order of both interests, it demonstrated the willingness to work together to achieve a common goal, which was protecting the interests of both nations.

Conservatism: As mentioned in the liberal statement, it was aimed to protect both parties interests. Maintaining stability in the face of many challenges, it was an agreement to keep things in the conservative order, and strengthen the protective bonds on it.

The first Moroccan Crisis was the dispute that happened when Germany challenged the influence of the French and the British in Morocco, by sending a warship to the Moroccan part of agadir.

Imperialism: The moroccan crisis was mostly a contest for influence. With France and Britain having economical interests, and Germany having interest in expanding the influence. The crisis escalating as Germany decided to try and challenge the imperial order.

Liberalism: The liberal ideas such as diplomacy, peaceful resolution of conflicts, and the respect of sovereignty were promoted while the crisis was happening. And the European powers wanted a Diplomatic solution to the crisis, however the imperial and nationalist interests overruled the liberal ones.

Anglo-Russian Relations were characterized by cooperation, competition, and sometimes tensions. The relationship between Britain and Russia evolved over time, and was influenced by aspects such as geopolitics, and imperial expansion.

Imperialism: Both Britain and Russia were imperial empires who both had overseas empires, often bringing them in contact with regions where the interests of both nations converged. But when both attempt to go for one piece of land, it increases chances of armed conflicts with one another.

alliance: Anglo Russian relations were influenced by the relationships each nation had in Europe. Russia was a part of the triple entente, while Britain was a part of the triple Alliance, which would contribute to the explosion of battles when one gets attacked.

Liberalism: British liberals were often sympathetic to nationalist movements seeking self strength in the Balkans, which could bring them into conflict with Russian interests in the same area. Liberal ideals of self-determination sometimes had problems with the conservative motives of other European powers, including Russia..

The Moroccan Crisis was a rebellion against the Moroccan sultan, which took place in 1911, in which France prepared to send over troops, and Germany sent over a gunboat, in which Both France and Britain reacted strongly to it.

Imperialism: The strive for more land and power in Morocco caused a lot of rivalry over the colonial powers, especially with france and germany due to them both wanting the bountifal land of morocco.

Alliances: The crisis didn't immediately cause a war, but it heavily damaged the relationships between them. France, who was allied with russia, was having a tense relationship with Germany, making it more likely that a conflict between regions would cause a war.

The Balkan League Creation was the event in which a bunch of Balkan states were formed to try and go to the falling ottoman empire to reclaim their territory, to weaken Ottoman rule and gain independence.

Nationalism: Nationalism was the big motivator, due to all the states wanting their representation to rule over themselves to establish independent states, even far as to engage in armed conflict if needed.

Liberalism: The event was alligned with Liberalist motives, with each state wanting their rights from Ottoman, and breaking the naturall order that the ottoman was attmepting to hold. However, military was used, contributing to the chance of a war happening.

After the Balkan League was formed, The First Balkan War took place in the Balkan Peninsula, fought between the Balkan League, and the Ottoman empire, to try and establish their independence, and gain the land from it.

Nationalism: Nationalism, similarly to the creation of the league, was the driving force behind it, with the states wanting their independence and to rule themselves. Though Contributing to the outbreak of war because each state wanted to expand their territory and assert national identity.

Alliances: While the Balkan league could be seen as them allying up for a common goal, they all had different territorial ambitions, meaning eventually things would go awry.

Liberalism: Liberalism was a big part of this, as they all wanted individual rights, but similarly to the revolutions of 1848, they all had different motives, so eventually they would have to face that problem.

Immediately following after the first war, the second war was a much more complex war involving the members of the Balkan League, when Bulgaria launched an attack on Serbia and Greece.

Alliances: While they were allied before, Bulgaria, when launching the attack, shook up the alliance as a whole by attacking the two nations, with the disruption and shifting sides would impact WWI, as these sides had greater European powers. Thus more harm would come in disturbing them.

Nationalism: Each state wanted to be powerful as they ruled over their own land, so they wanted to expand it to assert the dominance in that area.

Conservatism: It had a greater presence out of the two, however, it still continued to stay in the backseat to nationalism and territory expanding.

The Belgium Invasion was part of the Schlieffen plan, in which Germany invaded Belgium, violating their neutrality, and triggering the united kingdom into entering into the war. The Invasion of Belium was Germany's plan to invade France, by bypassing the heavily fortified border, and attacking France Directly through Belgium.

Militarism: The Invasion of Belgium quickly inspired nearby nations to militarize in fear and preparation of invasion, or general warfare.

Alliances: The breaking of neutrality activated alliances like the entente cordial, which was between france and the U.K, leading to the involvement of the U.K. in the war, along with other countries the U.K. was allied with,

Liberalism: The liberal ideas of Belgium, such as neutrality were violated when Germany invaded, as liberal thinkers would look for diplomatic solutions, that dont require military action.

Conservatism: Conservatists would think that the invasion was a necessary step to maintaining the power of germany. However, due to the consequences of the invasion, could also consider it a failure to maintain the peace and order.