Ancient Civilizations
Mesopotamia
Art: I know this because the text says “ The potters wheel which made poetry production far more efficient”. It also says “Copper ore was being smelted and the molten copper poured into molds as early as the fourth millennium bce. (Steele 28) 
Architecture: I know this because they were made out of brick. In the text it says "It represents a mountain stretched from earth to Heavens". It also explains "The Ziggurats themselves had small temples or shrines on top, reached by long stairways. [Steele 24]
writing: I know this because the writing they used was clay symbols that they modeled on to clay [AKA pictures symbols]. In the text it says "At first they used pitcher symbols to represent objects such as cattle, grain, or fish". It also explains that " By round 3300 BCE the citizens of Uruk were using about 700 different symbols or pictographs". [Steele 12]
Government: I know this because the text says “ They were also expected to be brave military commanders of great cities” it also says “ City-state rulers were honored with various titles, such as en (lord), ensi (governor, or lugal(King”. (Steele 10)
Location: I know because the region didn't originally have a name but the ancient Greeks called it "Mesopotamia","which means the land between the rivers.Also, an example is that "two great rivers flowed southward through the Middle East," which were called the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. [Steele 6]
Religion: I know this because the text says “ The Sumerians worshiped many gods and goddesses”.And the text also says “ Later mesopotamian took up or adapted sumerians gods sometimes giving them new names” (Steele 14)
Ancient Egypt
Location: I know this because "Deserts covers more than 90 percent of Egypt. Called the "Red lands,"." I know this because"The Egyptians live on the bank of the Nile or beside canals extending from it.[Hart 8]
Art: I know this because "you can see the glint and the gold everywhere in egyptian jewelry-mines between the nile and the red sea coast yielded large quantities of this precious metal." The gold could be beaten into sheep or cast and molds. [Hart 56]
Writing: The writing system in Mesopotamia can be described as a system of pictographs that advanced and became more symbolic as time passed. I know because the text says "Scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphics, an elaborate form of picture-writing with about 700 different signs." This shows us that it was a very complicated system, as remembering over 700 signs is immensely difficult. Also, the text states "Hieroglyphics were used on state monuments, temples, tombs, and religious papyri." This shows that it was used all throughout Egypt to describe things using pictures. (Hart 34)
Religion: The ancient Egyptians believed in polytheism, and they believed that their pharaohs were gods and goddesses on Earth. I know because the text states "The Egyptians worshiped hundreds of different gods and goddesses, and sometimes it was difficult to work out who was who." This shows that they believed in Polytheism, which is the belief in more than one god or goddess. Also, the text states "Many of the gods are represented by animals: a baboon might stand for Thoth, god of wisdom, at one temple, and a Moon god named Khonsu at another. This shows us that they believed in multiple different gods and goddesses, which by definition is polytheism. [Hart 24]
Agriculture of ancient egyptian architecture, the architectural monuments produced mainly during the dynastic periods of the first three millennia BCE in the Nile valley regions of egypt and nubia. Any survey of Egyptian architecture is weighted in favour of funerary and religious buildings, partly because of their location.
Government: The government in Ancient Egypt consisted of pharaohs ruling over all of the land in an advanced theocracy. I know because the text states "When people approached the king, they often kissed the ground at his feet." Which shows that they had the utmost respect for the pharaoh. Also, the author wrote "At great state occasions like royal jubilee celebrations or the giving of gifts to favored courtiers, the king and court gathered together, and top officials, diplomats, and high priests would attend." This shows an example of who was considered important and was involved in government.
click to edit
click to edit
click to edit
Ancient china
click to edit
Religion:
click to edit
writing: On page 11 it said shang kings used oracle bones to contact spirits. Cracks that appear on the oracle bone were read to discover different answers about their ancestors. The oracle bones were made out of ox bones and tortishells. [Cotterell 11]
Architecture/ technology : In the text on page 40 it say that they had peasant protect the great wall of china . They were there to make sure no one would break in to china and take over. Market were usually wildly used streets.[cotterell 40]
Art
comeris/trade: In the text on page 22 it says the trades were mainly on the silk road. It made a good spot for everyone to meet that way trades were easier. The chinese invent the silk road for more trade possibilities.[cotterell 22]
Location: On page 6, it says vast desert and mountain ranges limit the civilization from other asian countries. It also says that Asia is the world oldest continuous civilization. On page 6 the author included a image in the book that can help you better understand the location. (Cotterell 6)
Government : on page 16 it said that Zheng united the warring states and created the chinese empire in 221 B.C. After the death of Zheng the government was overrun by peasants. He was so rich and powerful his tomb was surrounded by terracotta soldiers to protect him after death [cotterell 16]
Religion: On page 12, it says that Confucius believed that the early years of the Zhou Dynasty were golden years of social harmony. The author wrote, Zhou dynasty believed bells would calm their spirits. It also says that Confucius believed that families should be governed by mutual respect. (Cotterell 12)
Art: On page 56, it says the "China has always been renowned for its exquisite arts and crafts.". It also says that China is known for its ceramics. The author wrote, bronze was also used for religious rituals. (Cotterell 56)
Religion: In South Asia they had 2 major religion. In the text it said "The religion of the ancient Aryans, known as Brahmanism, was polytheistic and heavily influenced the later development of Hinduism.". With that being said those are both of the religions. (PRENTICE HALL World Studies)
Architecture:Architecture/Technology: The author wrote "early cities show remnants of the worlds earliest sanitation systems."I know becauses the people of the Indus valley valued sanitation. In the text it said they have very advanced archetecture. (Prentice Hall World Studies)
Goverment:Government: The text says, that the people of india followed the Caste system. The caste system in a social hierarchy where when you are born into a caste you cannot leave or marry outside of that caste. The brahmin (the highest class) are priests and the highly educated, and are the most socially accepted. (Prentice Hall, World Studies)
writing: The writing in Ancient India is still a mystery to this day. In the texted it said "ver 400 symbols have been uncovered from different locations." So this shows how how it is a mystery. They still don't know what they mean. [Prentice Hall World Studies writing]
Location: The Author wrote " 5,000 years age a civilization was developed along the Indus River". The location was along the Indus River. "The Indus Valley region was a region rich in fertile soil, ideal for agriculture". This shows how it was along the River. [Prentice Hall World studies Location]
Ancient India
click to edit