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Ancient Civilizations - Coggle Diagram
Ancient Civilizations
Ancient China
Writing: In the text it said that the Shang kings used the oracle bones to talk to their ancestors. Ox bones or tortoise shells were burned until they cracked. People read the cracks to discover answers about their ancestors.(Cotterell 11) 
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Egypt
Writing: The language of the Egyptians is known as hieroglyphics. It consists of a vast amount of different symbols which were hard to write so that scribes could keep their special positions. The text states, "For business contracts, letters, and stories, scribes used a different form of writing (script), called hieratic, which was a fast-written version of hieroglyphics, always running from right to left." (Hart 34) It is true, there were also a few forms of hieroglyphics that were simpler to write, to make writing easier.
Art: When it came to art in Egypt, the Egyptians expressed themselves through their majestic paintings of Egyptian gods and goddesses, but also through games. The book states, "Even as children, the ancient Egyptians enjoyed life. Some of the games they played are still loved by children today, such as 'khuzza lawizza', or leapfrog."(Hart 52) The Egyptians also created games like senet, which were perfect in developing a good sense of strategy. The Egyptians portrayed senet as a struggle between the forces of good and evil.
Religion:Religion:The author wrote that the Egyptians worshiped many gods and goddesses, so many it was hard to work out who. On page 24, it says" Many of the gods are represented by animals: a baboon might stand for Thoth, a god of wisdom, at one temple, and a Moon god named Khonsu at another". (Hart 24)
Government: The government of Egypt consisted of a social pyramid. People such as pharaohs, high priests, and nobles were at the top, while farmers, pyramid builders, and slaves were the lowest. According to the book, "Pharaohs could have several wives, but only one of them would be Queen. Many pharaohs married their sisters, both reinforcing their dynastic claim to the throne and to echo the behavior of the gods, who were believed to favor this practise."
Location: In the early days of Egyptian civilization, deserts covered most of the land. According to the book, " Called the 'Red Land', the desert supported only small settlements in wadis and oases."(Hart 8). Though the people eventually adapted to living life by the Nile, in a place they called the 'Black Land', seeing as the soil was known for having rich silt which was perfect for farming.
Architecture: Pyramids are the most famous aspect of Egyptian life, and it is very important to preserve them. One cool aspect of the pyramids is that they were made mostly of granite on the bottom and middle, while the top was made with pure gold. According to the book,
Ancient India
Location: 5,000 years ago, the Indus River Valley was home to many different people. "In the 1920s, under layers of sand and mounds of dirt, archaeologists discovered the remains of 4,000 year old cities, which existed at the same time as the Egyptians and Mesopotamians." This was because the river made the fertile.
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Mesopotamia
Government: The government of Mesopotamia was ruled by lords and kings. The author states, "Sumerian kings claimed to rule by the will of the gods, and therefore had to perform certain religious duties."(Steele 10)
Writing: Writing first started in the city of Uruk, where trade and commerce was commonplace. According to the book, "At first they used picture symbols to represent objects such as cattle, grain, or fish."(Steele 12) Eventually the writing of the Mesopotamians diversified, and they came to become over 700 different symbols.
Location: The author wrote, "The ancient Greeks called it Mesopotamia, meaning "Between the rivers".(Steele 6) Also the graphic shows that "Most of ancient Mesopotamia lay within the borders of modern Iraq." (Steele 6)
Religion: The people of Mesopotamia had a different form of religion than we do today in America, they had a polytheistic way of worship. They worshipped dozens of gods and goddesses. In the Article, it states, "They believed that the stars traveling across the night sky were the cows of Sin or Nanna, the horned moon god."(Steele 4)