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IT (File Types, Software) - Coggle Diagram
IT
File Types
Images
Common file extensions include .eps, .ai and .svg.
To store this type of image on a computer, the image is broken down into very small elements called pixels
A pixel is one specific colour
The size or resolution of an image is expressed directly as the width in pixels by height in pixels, e.g. 600 x 400
Video
The AVI format, developed by Microsoft, is one of the oldest video formats they can run on a number of different operating systems like Windows, Mac and Linux
MPEG4 is used for HTML5 videos and the files usually have the extension .mp4. They can be played on Macs, PCs and all iPhones.
Portable Document Files (PDF)
Files may need to be read and interpreted by different hardware and software. For example, PDF files can be read on most hardware using the free Adobe PDF viewer software.
Compressed Files
Image and video files are commonly
compressed to create smaller files
With lossy compression, unnecessary information is removed from the file. Lossless compression retains all the information so that the original file can be recreated exactly
Sound
The MP3 is the most common audio file available. The MP3 is probably the most popular audio file format
The terms MP3 and audio file are used interchangeably, regardless of whether the format being used is actually an MP3
Documents (DOC)
DOC is a Microsoft proprietary filename extension for storing documents in Microsoft Word Binary File Format. Although DOC is native to Microsoft Word, other common word processors such as Apple Pages and AbiWord can create, read, and edit DOC files
DOC and DOCX
Spreadsheets
File types such as . XLSX, . XLS and . ODS are very popular spreadsheet formats, commonly used for opening and storing spreadsheet data across a variety of devices.
Databases
Data in a database is analysed using Database Management System (DBMS) that is the main source of interaction with end users, applications and the database itself.
Popular database file extensions and their file formats include SQLite, DB, ACCDB, and MDB.
Executable Files
With Windows, EXE is the file extension for an executable file. All EXE files are executable files, but not all executable files are EXE files.
They include EXE, BAT, COM, CMD, INF, IPA, OSX, PIF, RUN and WSH
Software
Types of Application Software
Open source software
The term used for free software in which anyone can share, modify and redistribute the source code, e.g. Linux, OpenOffice, licensed under GNU
Off-the-shelf software
Off the shelf software are standardised software applications that are mass-produced, available to the general public, and fit for immediate use.
Bespoke software
A software solution created for a specific user
Proprietary software
The term used for closed-source software owned / licensed / purchased by a corporation - e.g. Microsoft and Apple. Protected by copyright and cannot legally be reverse engineered.
Utility software
Definition
Utility software is system software designed to optimise the performance of the computer or perform tasks such as backing up files, restoring corrupted files from backup, compressing or decompressing data, encrypting data
before transmission or providing a firewall.
Examples
Disk defragmentation
A utility program that will reorganise a hard disk so that files which have been split up into
blocks and stored all over the disk will be recombined in a single series of sequential blocks. Which makes reading files quicker
Virus checker
Utility checks a hard drive for viruses and removes them. Depending on the level of protection
offered, incoming emails and internet downloads will also be checked and cleaned.
Compression software
Zipped or compressed files can be transmitted much more quickly over the Internet. Sometimes there is a limit to the size of a file which can be transmitted