Acid-base titration: an acid solution is slowly added to a base solution (or vice versa) until the reaction neutralizes, typically indicated by a colour change or a pH indicator.

Redox titration: a chemical analysis method where the concentration of a reducing or oxidizing agent in a solution is determined by reacting it with a known solution of an oxidizing or reducing agent

Calcium Carbonate makes up approximately 94% of an eggshell. It exists in the form of calcite crystals, which are tightly packed and provide the shell with its hardness and strength.
Essential for binding the calcium carbonate are proteins. About 3.5% of the eggshell is composed of proteins, primarily collagen.

These calcite crystals in the eggshell provide rigidity and toughness to the shell, protecting the delicate contents of the egg.
Its crystalline lattice within the shell helps distribute stress and pressure evenly, making the eggshell more resistant to cracking or breaking.

Quail, chicken, and duck eggs are readily available in, making them accessible for experimentation. This availability ensures that a sufficient number of samples can be obtained for statistical analysis. Compared to more exotic animal eggs such as emus and ostriches. Furthermore, they are generally more affordable than exotic or less common egg types, making experiments more cost-effective. However, chicken eggs are the most accessible and cost effective. Therefore chicken eggs will be the choice of egg.

Although these factors play a crucial role in an eggs survival and development. They cannot be measured through titration and therefore will not be considered.

Aquatic eggs are difficult to obtain and store due to their niche requirements. Furthermore have a lower amount of calcium carbonate

To determine what type of egg has the best eggshell, various different eggs must be tested. As chicken eggs are the egg of choice, this allow access to many types of eggs for experiment. Hence, the chosen egg types are caged, pastured, free ranged, organic and barn.

Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of a specific substance (analyte) in a solution. It involves the gradual addition of a known solution (titrant) of one substance to another solution containing the analyte until the reaction between them is complete

Hydrochloric acid will be added to the eggshell samples to determine the amount of calcium carbonate because it reacts completely, forming soluble products, facilitating straightforward quantification, and is a readily available and safe laboratory reagent.

Possible limitations in determining calcium carbonate content in eggshells include incomplete reactions, impurities, titration errors, varying eggshell compositions, equipment precision, environmental factors, reagent purity, and sampling issues.

Bromothymol blue

Phenolphthalein will be the indicator used for this titration because it undergoes a dramatic and easily distinguishable colour change during acid-base titrations. It transitions from colourless to a vibrant pink near the equivalence point. This distinct and sharp transition allows for precise endpoint detection.