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why PR - Coggle Diagram
why PR
Myth busting
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PR would lead to weak, unstable coalition governments and constant elections
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Using PR, small parties and extremists can wield disproportionate power
parties and coalition by extension must represent the majority views of a country and so a small extremist party would never be more than a junior coalition partner
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PR is too complicated, expensive and bureaucratic
democracy is an absolute imperative in our society and additional work needed to make PR effective is minimal compared to the benefits to the nation
FPTP
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political diversity
Third parties can receive large shares of the vote and yet gain few seats, this means political diversity in parliament in minimal
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Wasted votes
large numbers of votes are cast for loosing candidates thus those votes go to waste instead like stv where they can top up other candidates
Tactical voting
some people are forced to vote tactically for a candidate they dislike because there part has only a small chance of winning
PR
Types of PR
AMS
half of MPS are elected in the traditional away while the other half is voted in through multi member regions using PR, this is then run-through the d'Hondt equation which distributes seats to parties which lost out in the constituency vote
Flexible list PR
uses mulit meber regional assembly using PR with a candidate list letting voters choose there most preferred candidate from within and between parties
STV
MPS are elected to multi member constituency where voters will choose multiple candidates in order of preference, once the most preferred MP is elected then any excess votes will be distributed to the second choice
PR is a system in which the proportion of votes to represetives in chamber is aligned as closely as possible
Equality
Income Inequality
countries with proportional system often work to the benefit of the majority meaning that income in equality is typically lower
Gender Equality
proportional system put more women in parliament than FPTP, it has been called the worst system for achieving gender balance due to its selection process
Environment
first past the post means environmental issues can be put aside as many will feel they have to vote tactically for more emitting party despite personal opposition re. green tory switch in SE 2022
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Conflict
proportion democracy led to more consensual and considered decision in relation to conflict as many parties had to be consulted in order to pass decisions