Ancient Civilization
Mesopotamia
Location: In the text it said that Mesopotamia once extended into parts of present-day Turkey, Syria, and Southwestern Iran. On page 6 it said that "most of ancient Mesopotamia lay within the borders of modern Iraq." (Steele 6)
Writing: On page 12 it says that Cuneiforms started to be used when city-states and towns started to form and the need for them arose. It also said that Cuneiforms were made using a stylus that was from a cut reed) to make wedge shapes into wet clay. (Steele 12)
Art: On page 28 and 29 it said that the Mesopotamia made pottery out of clay and used a potter's wheel. Another craft that they did in Mesopotamia was Textile production,they used looms to weave,linen,wool, and cotton to make cloth.(Steele 28 and 29)
Government: On page 10 it said that the different city-states
had different rulers and each ruler would have a name. Each clay tablets were recorded on a list called ''the king list.'' (Steele 10)
Architecture: On page 24 it says that Ziggurats were the most important piece of architecture back then because it was used as shrines and temples for their deities. It also said that the Ziggurats were usually two of seven levels of mud,brick, and straw materials. (Steele 24)
Religion: On page 14 it said that the Mesopotamian people were polytheistic which means that they believed in Gods or goddesses. It also said that they also believed in spirits, ghosts, and demons. (Steele 14)
Ancient Egypt
Location: In the book it says that the Egyptians lived on the banks of the Nile river or besides canals next to it. On page 8 it says "The Egyptians lived on the Nile river and on canals next to it. This was Kemet or the Black Land. (Hart 8)
Art: In the text it says that the art in Egypt includes pottery, sculptures, architecture and it was based off of religion and kings or pharaohs. It also says that "Pharaohs would have exceptionally fine linen; workers wore loincloths of coarser fabric. (Hart 54)
Religion: In the text it says that ancient Egyptians were Polytheistic, this means that they believed in multiple Gods and Goddesses. It also said that each of the 42 different districts have there own god and there are many more on top of that. (Hart 24)
Writing: In the text it says that Hieroglyphics were used on monuments, temples, tombs, and religious papyri. It also says that "Scribes had to be experts in writing Hieroglyphics, and elaborate form of picture-writing with about 700 different signs." (Hart 34)
Government: In the text it said that the Government in Ancient Egypt consisted of pharaohs ruling all over the land in a advanced theocracy. It also said that the author wrote "At great state occasions like royal jubilee celebrations or the giving of gifts to favor countries, the king and court gathered together, and top officials, diplomats, and high priest would attend." ( Hart 12)
Architecture: In the text it says that "It was supposed to represent a gigantic stairway for the king to climb to join the Sun God in the sky." It also said that the idea of the pyramid was to recreate the mound that emerged out of the wet ground. (Hart 20)
Ancient china
Religion: On page 12 it said that Confucius believed the early years of the Zhou Dynasty were golden years of Social harmony. Confucius was a very good ruler and one of the things he did was being a good ruler and set good examples for his people. He believed that family relationships should be governed by mutual respect. ![image] (Cotterell 12)
Location: On page 40 it said that the towns and cities were sectioned off by a grid system and it was called Wards. Every Ward was surrounded by walls and gates to that were locked up every evening. The markets were usually along one of the main streets. The drums warned the inhabits when the gates closed. (Cotterell 40)
Writing: On page 11 it said the Shang kings used Oracle bones to talk with their ancestors. The oracle bones were burnt until they cracked. The questions were written on tortoiseshells or ox bones. (Cotterell 11)
Architecture/ Technology: On page 22 it said that technology and inventions were carried along the silk road. Some inventions that were made was gunpowder and printing paper. The gunpowder changed the way battles were fought. Paper and printing helped a lot with communicating. (Cotterell 22)
Commerce/Trade: On page 58 it said that Trading Flourished under the Mongol,or Yuan dynasty. The Mongols emperor permitted merchants to trade freely throughout their vast empire. Internationally trading thrived because curvans were able to travel with no harm. Chinese merchants amassed huge fortunes by exporting goods such as silk, spices, teas, porcelain, and lacquerware. (Cotterell 58)
Government: Government: on page 16 it says Chinese empire was formed. The Qin soldiers defeated the last of their enemies and went under their leader. Also in the text it said "the members you passed the top restrictions and went into palace and got accepted to be appointed as minister or get married and princesses
(Cotterell 16)
Art: On page 56 it said that Artisans were considered the most important members in society because they protected the tools and weapons for the army. Europe and Asia got Chinese bronze, jade, silk, lacquer, and porcelain. Chinese rulers controlled the supply of the raw materials and governed the factories that were managed by skill. (Cotterell 56)
Religion:In the text it said that the religion of the Aryans was Brahmanism. The Aryans lived in the Ganas, that was made up of several families. Each gana has its own territory that is ruled by a warrior chief or king. -(World Studies)
Location: In the text it said that the ancient civilization of the land live along the indus river. It was a ideal place because the land was very fertile. This was because they tore in a alluvial plan that they used for agriculture. -(World studies)
Writing: From the text it says it is one of the most confusing aspects in ancient civilization. Some types of symbols are located in seals ceramic poles and other types of other materials. -(World studies)
Architecture/Technology: On the website it said that the Indus valley people valued hygiene and sanitation systems. They also had homes transported waste water to the drains in the streets. The Indus valley people had impressive architecture as well, one of which were wall that were used against floods and invaders-(world studies)
Government: In the text it said that the development of the castle system was an Aryan influence on modern-day India. A caste is a group of people that are social and they cannot change. The caste system started because the Aryans had four social classes that were called verna's.The Aryans were divided by their wealth and occupation. -(World studies)