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Ancient Civilization landscape-view-of-nile-river-egypt_shutterstock…
Ancient Civilization 
Mesopotamia
Location: On page 6 it said the Tigris and Euphrates river flowed Southward through the Middle East. Also,the author wrote " much of the region is now hot desert,but many areas were much more fertile in antiquity." (Steele 6)
Writing: On Page 11 it said at first they used symbols to represent things like cattle,grain,or fish. Also, the author wrote " over the centuries the marks developed into a script that represented sound as well as meaning." (Steele 12)
Art: In the text it said some time before 3500 BCE they created the potter's wheel to make the pottery production more efficient. On page 28, it said copper was being smelted and poured into molds around the fourth millennium BCE. (Steele 28)
Government: The author wrote " in spite of his humble beginnings, he became cupbearer to the king of Kish, seized the throne, and went on to defeat Uruk,Ur, Umma, and Lagash." The text said Sargon created the very first empire and gained control of trading routes to get very valuable resources. (Steele 22)
Religion: The text said they believed that starts across the sky were cow sins or Nanna, which is the horned Moon god. Later the people adapted sumerian gods, they renamed some of them.The author wrote" The Babylonians worshiped Enki as Ea,Inanna as the goddess Ishtar, and made Marduk their main god." ( Steele 14)
Architecture: On page 25 It said the ziggurats represent mountains stretching from earth to heaven. Also,the author wrote "Like the ancient pyramids of Central America,ziggurats formed part of sacred precincts, which were thought to be the earthly dwelling places of the gods." ( Steele 24)
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Ancient Egypt
Location: The land was mostly desert and the egyptians lived on the banks of the Nile river or by canals. The text says" The nile flood began the year for the Egyptian farmer, when the river, increased by the rising waters of the Blue NIle and White NIle converging just north of Khartoum in the Sudan, brought deposits of silt into Egypt." ( Hart 8)
Writing: The author said " Scribes had to be experts in writing hieroglyphs, an elaborate form of picture-writing with about 700 different signs. On page 34 it said that it was supposed to be difficult so that not many people new how to do it and the scribes kept their special position. ( Hart 34)
Art: On page 56 it said that the mines are between the Nile and Red sea coast that have large amounts of the metal. The author wrote " Egyptian jewelry had access to many semiprecious stones from the deserts-orange-red carnelian,green feldspar, and mauve amethyst." ( Hart 56)
Government: The author wrote the pharaoh was thought of as a god and the queen was thought of as a goddess. On page 10 it said " often the ruling pharaoh would adopt his heir as "co-regent" ri enable a smooth takeover when he died." ( Hart 10)
Religion: The text said that the egyptians worshiped hundreds of different gods and it was hard to figure out who was who. The author wrote " Many of the gods are represented by animals: a baboon might stand for thoth, god of wisdom, at one temple and a Moon god named Khonsu at another." ( Hart 24)
Architecture: I know this because the first pyramid was built as a place for the burial of King Djoser by a very gifted architect. The author wrote " Some later kings had step pyramids, too, but in the reign for King Sneferu the true pyramid with sloping sides developed." ( Hart 20)
Ancient China
Location: On Page 10 it states that the shangs ruled the larger part of the northern half of China. It says that their heartland was located along the yellow river. The peasant farmers cultivated the land. It says that it was very fertile along the yellow river. ( Cotterrell 10
Writing: In the text it said that the Shang kings used the oracle bones to talk to their ancestors. Ox bones or tortoiseshells were burnt until they cracked. People read the cracks to discover answers about their ancestors. ( Cotterell 11)
Architecture/Technology:The author wrote that the Chinese building had been raised above the wet ground on a platform of rammed earth,brick, or stone. The heavy roofs that hung over were supported by building of wood beams, which allowed for movement in an earthquake. The walls were built in a square shape, and that symbolizes the four corners of the Earth. ( Cotterell 41
Art: In the text it said that luxury goods set up the major export products. The chinese rulers were in control of the raw materials, and ran government factories. The workers produced tools for farming and weapons for the army. ( Cotterell 56
Trade/Commerce: On page 58 it said trade flourished under the Mongol dynasty and they had controlled the entire Silk Road. The Silk Road exported goods such as silk, spices, teas, porcelain, and lacquerware. The trade routes ran from northern China all the way across Asia. ( Cotterrell 58)
Government: On page 16 is said that In 221 B.C. the Chinese Empire was formed. The Qin soldiers defeated the last of their enemies and wen under their new leader Zheng. The Shang ruler was known as a priest or known as the son of heaven. ( Cotterrell 16)
Religion: In the text it says" Their religious beliefs were divided into three ways of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. Throughout China's history they were tolerant with all three religions. China was usually tolerant of all beliefs and it said few people were persecuted for their beliefs. ( Corterrell 26
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