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Type II Diabetes - Coggle Diagram
Type II Diabetes
An endocrine disorder in which the body's cells develop a resistance to insulin, affecting the way the body processes blood glucose (energy)
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Muscle, liver, and fat cells fail to respond to insulin even when the levels are high
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Lab Results
LOW
K (3.3 mEq/L)
This is low due to the patient’s lasix medication. Lasix is a diuretic which is used to remove fluid from the body. Lasix is specifically a potassium wasting diuretic which can lead to hypokalemia. The potassium could also be low due to the patient taking insulin. Insulin pushes potassium into the cell which lowers the serum potassium.
Alb (2.4 g/dL)
This is low due to the inflammatory process from the patient’s foot wound. It could also be low due to the patient’s early onset dementia and malnutrition from losing 20 pounds over the last few months.
WBC (4.2 x 109/L)
This is low due to some medications/antibiotics he’s taking. For example, some high blood-pressure meds like hydrochlorothiazide can lower the number of WBCs in your body. Benadryl and Lasix can also lower the WBC count.
RBC (3.9 cells/mcL)
This is low due to losing 20 pounds over the past few months causing malnutrition. His body isn’t getting the adequate amount of calories, vitamins, and minerals he is used to getting. If the body is not getting a regular supply of nutrients, the RBCs will become malformed and die faster than the body being able to replace them.
Plt (120,000 platelets/mcL)
This is low due to George being a farmer in which he is constantly exposed to toxic chemicals including pesticides. Pesticides increase oxidative stress which can promote platelet destruction in the spleen causing a decreased amount. This is also due to low RBC count from malnutrition.
HIGH
BUN (29 mg/dL)
This is high due to the infection in his body from the foot ulcer. Infections put stress on the body and increase the glucose level in the body as well as BUN. His infection along with his nocturia also puts him at a risk for dehydration, which also increases BUN levels.
Glu (148 mg/dL)
This is high due to the patient’s diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The insulin is unable to take the glucose into the cells, therefore leaving the glucose serum elevated. This is also high because the patient has an infection which increases glucose production from increased cortisol production.
HgA1C (8.0%)
This is high due to the patient’s diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The patient has had an overall high blood sugar level over the past 3 months due to uncontrolled diabetes.