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:checkered_flag: cell :checkered_flag: - Coggle Diagram
:checkered_flag: cell :checkered_flag:
Plasma Membrane
Glycoproteins
are in the glycocalyx
phosopholipids
hydrophobic tail
hydrophilic head
usually joined together in groups of three, forming a molecule called a triglyceride.
fatty acids
provides metabolic energy,
If glucose isn't available for energy, the body uses fatty acids to fuel the cells instead.
lipid rafts
the most stable and least amount of fluid
has the ability to include or exclude certain proteins
Glycolipids
lipids with attached sugar groups
allows the cells to recognize each other
help from glycocalyx
glycolipids
allows the cells to recognize each other
help from the glycocalyx
lipids with attached sugar groups
cholesterol
makes up 20% of the membrane
has polar and nonpolar region
proteins
some float freely and others are at certain locations
make up 50%of the plasma membrane
made up of amino acids
20 different types
intergral proteins
transporters
channels
inserted in the lipid bilayer
peripheral proteins
loosely attached to intergral proteins
cytoskeletal support
Cytosil
cellular extensions
flagella
longer than cilia and can be found in bacteria and sperm cells.
microvilla
the primary surface of nutrient absorption
cilia
small hair-like structures present on the surface of all mammal cells. They play a major role in locomotion.
lysosomes
digestive enzymes
breaks down non-useful tissues
They break down excess or worn-out cell parts.
destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
peroxisome
enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide.
oxidative enzymes
catalase
present in the peroxisome of nearly all aerobic cells
urate oxidase
catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin
golgi apparatus
transports, sorts and modifies both protein and lipids
mitochondria
generates ATP
powerhouse of the cell
contain their own small chromosomes and DNA
different cells have different amounts because they need more energy
endoplasmic reticulum
rough ER
coated in ribosomes
protein production and protein folding
smooth ER
make the lipids phospholipids and cholesterol
drug detoxification
absorption and transportation of fats
production of steroid hormones
centrosomes
organizes the microtubules
provides a structure to the cell
cytoskeletal
helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization
provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement
contains microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
centrioles
involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division
are in pairs
help determine the locations of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell
Nucleus
nuclear envelope
provides the structure for the nucleus
has nuclear pores that regulates the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm
contains a large number of different proteins
houses DNA
place of synthesis for ribosomes
nucleic acids
carry genetic information which is read by the cells to make the RNA and proteins
chromatin
consists of protein, RNA, and DNA
controls how the genome is read from cell to cell.
controls the cell's growth and reproduction