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sustainable transports - Coggle Diagram
sustainable transports
limitation of lithium battery
protection/battery management is required
requires protection from being charged and discahrged too far
ageing
withstands only 500-1000 charge discharge cycle
cost
40% more costly to manufacture than nickel cadmium cells
developing technology
are mostly used by developing areas
Types of vehicles
ICE
requires burning of fossil fuels to create power
powered by gasoline, diesel, biofuel, natural gas
efficient and have lower emissions
PHEV
combustion engine is the primary power source
rechargable battery can be charged by plugging in to a power source
use both ICE and electric power
EV
charging time and driving ranges vary
no internal combustion engine/fuel tank
fully electric
examples of alternatively fueled vehicles
Bionic (biofuel)
biofuel considered as carbon-neutral, could cut emissions by 85% compared to diesel
sustain (solar)
no electricity required, only installation of solar panels. But solar panels could only convert 20-30% of sunlight to electricity.
terawatt (electric)
power is converted from DC battery to AC for electric motor. electricity stored in battery pack to drive wheels
infinity & beyond (hydrogen)
chemical energy of hrdrogen converted to mechanical energy with the usage of REDOX reaction, usage of cathodes and anodes.
hydrogen is a highly flamable gas, therefore it could cause explosions when in accident