International peace treaties 1920
Washington conference
Japan, America, France, Britain, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, China
to reduce growing tensions in east Asia, arising from Japanese expansion
Key agreements made
5 power treaty - Japan withdrawing from Chinese territory and western powers reducing their navies.
4 power treaty - respect each others rights, informally ending the british-japense alliance
9 power treaty - guaranteed protection for china against invasion and upholds the 'open door' policy allowing opportunity seeking to trade with China
Reduced tensions in each Asia, as everyone was willing to compromise to maintain peace.
Genoa Conference
1921-22
1922
Italy, France, Germany, Britain, Russia
Focused on German Reoperations, and restoring British-German trading links. The British wanted to reduce German reparations' as they would undermine European economy, but France wanted them to pay the full reparations.
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Key agreements made
Britain france and japan agreed to reduce the size of their navy
It failed badly as not much was agreed
USA didn't even take part, British and France argued over views and Germany withdrew when they saw France wasn't going to compromise and then the USSR withdrew and saw a chance to improve relations with Germany
Rapallo act
1922
Germany and Bolshevik Rusia
WW1 and PPT had left Germany and Russia isolated and vulnerable so they needed to come to a solution to this
Key agreements made
Agreed to renounce all territorial claims against each other and to cooperate in a spirit of mutual good will in meeting the economic needs of both countries - this meant the amount of trade would increase, allowing major German companies to build factories in Russia to produce equipment to use to fight in WW2
Germany evaded the terms of the ToV in regards to not manufacturing huge amounts of military equipment by manufacturing it in Russia. And also did military training in Russia for those who had been dismissed from the army, allowing Germany to get its army back up to its original power
caused great concern elsewhere in Europe, particularly France and Europe
French felt threatened by increasingly friendly relations between the two countries
So did Poland, as their own hopes for territorial expansion at the expense of Russia and Germany were ended
Treaty of Lausanne
1923
Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Switzerland
To prevent further border disputes that had come from Greece refusing to sign treaties because they wanted more land from what was the Ottoman empire.
As a result the Sevres treaty is reversed and ended
Key agreements
Recognising Turkey being independent with Kemal as their head of state
Removing reparations that needed to be paid
This hindered relations as the end to reparations meant that the other countries couldn't developed their economies, with the money they could get without having to work for - as a result, relations worsened as progress in economies was less than what is could have been
helped settle border disputes