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Chapter 3: How did British rule & external developments affect…
Chapter 3: How did British rule & external developments affect S’pore’s growth as a port city from 1819 - 1942
Thomas Dunman
Role of Thomas Dunman
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1843 - Deputy Magistrate, Deputy Superintendent of Police
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Labour abuses
Over-crowded, unhygienic conditions on coolie ships
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Secret Societies
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Problems
Gangs of up to 200 secret societies members would carry out armed robberies on the homes of the rich
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Provided Protection
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When poor members died with no one to bury them, secret societies would arrange for a proper burial
To a Chinese, a proper funeral was important so that the soul would ascend to heaven and would not wander about
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Piracy
Piracy posed a great danger to trading community’s lives, property and trade
Trading ships plying the Straits of Meleka were often attacked by pirates, their cargoes were taken & travelers killed or sold as slaves
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The situation was so bad that pirates could be seen attacking ships just outside of Singapore’s straits
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Straights Settlements government lacked the legal means to punish the pirates and had to send them to India for trial
After many appeals by the traders, the government of India sent gunboats to patrol the waters
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Healthcare
Lack of health services:
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Asian population suffered from malnutrition, overcrowding & poor sanitation.
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Improved Healthcare
Steps taken
Took steps to eradicate malaria by setting up a Malaria committee to supervise the draining of swamps, replacing the bucket system with morden water carraige sewerage system.
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Reasons
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Increased awareness of the need to improve healthcare led to calls by locals for the government to tackle the spread of diseases in Singapore
Port Facilities
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British response
Built the New Harbour, later called Keppel Harbour
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Built new Wharves, docks, storehouses, machine shops
Introduced forklifts, cranes, tractors for loading/unloading
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