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Pulmonary pathology, image, image, Airway remodeling, Created by Gabriel…

- - - - Interstitial Pleural Neuromuscular
- - - - Definition: Alveolar wall destruction
        
        Pathogenesis: Oxidative stress-inflammation Protease/antiprotease imbalance
        
        Clinical presentation: Pink puffer, barrel chest
        
        Pathology: four types
        
        Distal: Subpleural Pneumothorax in adults
        
        Irregular: associated to scarring
        
        Centriacinar: Most common Smokers
        Upper lobes
        
        Panacinar: Lung bases
        Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
    - - Definition: Productive cough 3 months, at least 2 consecutive years
        
        Pathogenesis: 1. Mucus hypersecretion (mediated by IL-13 and histamine): Reid index (>0.4)
        
        Acquired CFTR dysfunction
        
        Inflammation
        
        Infection
        
        Clinical presentation: Blue bloater, cyanosis, increased pCO2, decreased pO2
        Cor pulmonale
        
        Pathology:
        
        Increased goblet cells
        
        Mucus hypersecretion
        
        Inflammation
  - - - Chronic inflammation
      - Variable expiratory airflow obstruction
      - Four phenotypes
        
        Non-atopic: normal IgE, negative skin test
        
        Drug-induced: Aspirin decreases COX1/2, increases Leukotrienes
        
        Atopic: IgE mediated, childhood, positive skin test
        
        Occupational: organic/chemical dusts
        
        Diagnosis
        
        Clinical presentation, decreased FEV1, Increased FEV> 12% (200 mL) after bronchodilator
        
        Pathogenesis:
        
        Genetic + environmental factors
        
        Immune system
        
        Th2 response: IL-4, IL-5
        
        IL-5 eosinophils
        
        Increased IgE
        
        Mast cell
        
        1 more item...
        
        IL:13
        
        Mucus production
        
        Morphology
        
        Curschmann spirals
        
        Condensed mucus
        
        Creola bodies
        
        Epithelial cells
        
        Charcot-Leyden crystals
        
        Degranulated eosinophils
  - - - Clinical features: productive cough, foul-smelling sputum
    - - Idiopathic 50%; Infections; Obstruction Autoimmune; Immune-deficiencies
        Heritable: cystic fibrosis
        Ciliary diskinesis (Kartagener syndrome)
        Allergy: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilosis
    - - Obstruction
      - Infections