Hematopoiesis
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
common myeloid cell precursor
common lymphoid cell precursor
megakaryocyte-erythroid precursor cell
dendritic cell
monocyte
mast cell
granulocyte precursor cell
macrophage
eosinophil
neutrophil
basophil
erythroblast
megakaryocyte
erythrocyte
platelets
common t-cell/ILC precursor
B cell
common ILC precursor
common T cell precursor
CD8 T cell
common CD4 T cell precursor
Th2
Th17
Th1
Treg
ILC2
ILC3
ILC1
LTi
NK cell
Innate lymphoid cells
NK cell
ILC 1
ILC3
ILC2
respondence: Tumours and intracellular microbes (virus/bacteria/parasites)
transcriptional and/or phenotypical characteristics: circulate in blood, absence of MCHI, cytotoxic function compared to ILCs. Similar to ILC1
effector molecules produced: IFN-γ, granzymes, perforin
function: inflammatory macrophage activation
respondence: intracellular pathogens (virus/tumours), intracellular microbes
transcriptional and/or phenotypical characteristics: resident in tissues. receptors: NFIL3, RUNX3
effector molecules produced: IFN-γ, granzymes, perforin
transcriptional and/or phenotypical characteristics: resident in tissues, mostly intestinal mucosal
function: Promotion of phagocytosis and secretion of antimicrobial peptides
respondence: to extracellular microbes (bacteria/fungi)
effector molecules produced: IL-17 and/or IL-17 + IL1β
function: Noninflammatory macrophage activation
respondence: to large extracellular parasites and allergens
transcriptional and/or phenotypical characteristics: resident in tissues, mainly respiratory. CRTH2 + CD161hi
effector molecules produced: IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
CD4+ t cells
Th9
Treg
Th17
Th1
Th2
Tfh
activates macrophages to increase phagocytosis and to kill those phagocytosed pathogens that resist the usual processes of intracellular degradation
activates macrophages to increase phagocytosis and to kill those phagocytosed pathogens that resist the usual processes of intracellular degradation
subset responds to parasite infections by secreting cytokines that activate mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils
Cytokines secreted by TFH cells induce the differentiation of antigen-activated B cells to become antibody-secreting plasma cells
Once an infection is terminated, Treg cells closes down the effector CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses to prevent further inflammation and tissue damage
dendritic cells
cDC1
cDC2s
pDCs
function: Cell-mediated cytotoxicity Intracellular infections Viruses and some bacteria, recognize and kill virus infected cells and tumour cells.
activates CD8 T cell
activates Th1 CD4 cell
activates Th2 CD4 cell
activates Th17 CD4 cell
most important functions: lysis of stressed/infected cells, release of cytokines to activate macrophages/T cells
dependent on GATA3 and RORα
Dependent on TF T-bet for lineage specification, development and function.
dependent on TF RORγt
Dependent on TF T-bet and EOMES for lineage specification, development and function.