GATHERING INFORMATION

PRIMARY SOURCES

EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES:

provide the original materials

provides direct or first-hand evidence about an event, object or person

interviews, surveys and letters

diaries, personal letters and correspondence

focus groups

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autobiographies and memoirs

SECONDARY SOURCES

describe, discuss, interpret, analyses, evaluate and summaries primary sources.

EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY SOURCES

often lack the freshness and immediacy of the original material.

biographical works

reference books and encyclopaedias

articles from magazines, journals, and newspapers after the event

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TYPES OF RESEARCH

who conducts the research and the type

Primary research is research you conduct yourself. Information from direct interactions with users, like interviews, surveys, or usability studies, are considered primary research

Secondary research is research that uses information someone else has put together. For example, using information from sources like books, articles, or journals is considered secondary research

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

have the ability to ask follow-up questions in real time

have the ability to ask questions specific to a user’s needs

adjust your questions or refocus the discussion based on the user’s answers

receive direct suggestions from the user

better able to understand

pay for the costs

influenced by the cluster effect

time-consuming

find secondary research via online
searches and subscription research publications

a good supplement to
findings from your primary research

cheapter and faster

not receive user feedback

can be misleading and
generalizing if not done appropriately

not learn from any first-hand user

kind of data collected

Qualitative research is primarily collected through observations and conversations. Qualitative research is based on understanding users’ needs and aims to answer questions like "why" or "how did this happen?

Quantitative research focuses on data that can be gathered by counting or measuring. Quantitative research is based on numerical data that’s often collected from largescale surveys. This type of research aims to answer questions like "how many?" and "how much?"

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

do not allow for personalization

are able to gather results and insights quickly.

can learn more from a larger sample size

inexpensive

do not allow for in-depth feedback

won’t work in a survey format.

can challenge your assumptions

Users can provide in-depth feedback.

can learn from first-hand user

can be expensive, especially if it’s conducted in person

can be differences between a "controlled" usability study in a lab versus how a user experiences the product in their real life.

only measures how easy it is to use a product