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BADDELEY, AD & HITCH, G 1974 - CHAPTER: WORKING MEMORY - Coggle Diagram
BADDELEY, AD & HITCH, G 1974 - CHAPTER: WORKING MEMORY
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Results
- Proposed the working model which consists 3 stores:
- Central executive
- Visuo-spatial sketchpad
- Phonological loop
The central executive was said to:
- drive the whole system, and allocate data to the subsystems: the visuo-spatial sketchpad and phonological loop.
- deal with cognitive tasks, such as mental arithmetic and problem-solving.
The visuo-spatial sketchpad (inner eye) was said to store and process information in a visual or spatial form.
The phonological loop was said to:
- deal with spoken and written material
- have two parts - the phonological store, which was linked to speech perception, and tthe articulatory control process, which was linked to speech production,
Significance to research
- Heavily supported by experimental evidence and can be applied to real-life tasks HOWEVER central executive capacity and functioncannot be clearly measured or explained.
Theory (Basic)
In response to Atkinson's and Shiffrin's model, Baddeley and Hitch developed an alternative model for the components of short-term memory called the 'working model of memory'
- This model, which proposed that there were different systems for different types of information, differed from the original model of short-term memory, which proposed that all information went into a single store.
Information:
Alan Baddeley is a Professor of Psychological and Graham Hitch is an Emeritus Professor of Psychology at the University of York, UK. They are well known for their work in developing the 'working model of memory'.
Evaluation:
- The study is quite comprehensive and cumbersome to read, so it may be preferable for students to use a website that summaries the component for them.
Strength
- the model is that it has generally gained research support since its discovery and it is supported by considerable experimental evidence, including case studies and dual-task studies.
- The working model of memory can be applied to real-life tasks, such as reading (phonological loop), problem-solving (central executive) and navigation (visual and spatial processing).
Limitation
- Components of the model are criticised by some researchers, e.g., the visuo-spatial sketchpad implies that all spatial information is first visual, but this does not fit with what researchers have discovered about how people with vision impairments use spatial awareness.