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pathogen - Coggle Diagram

- - - - pathogen is taken up through fagocytosis and the antigen is presented with either MHC-I or MHC-II proteins.
        
        the antigen is presented to a T-helper cel with MHC-II in the lymphe node and activated upon presentation
        
        the helper T-cell recruits:
        
        Th1 cells
        
        Th2 cells
        
        Th9 cells
        
        Tfh cells
        
        T mem cells
        
        T-helper cells
        
        T helper cells goes to the germinal center and naive cells become activated upon presentation of the anti-gen
        
        activated b cells will clone and undergo maturation and differentiation to increase affinity
        
        2 more items...
        
        Treg cells
        
        The antigen is presented to a T-helper cell with the MHC-I protein in the lymphe node and will become activated upon presentation
        
        The T-helper cell will:
        
        activate inactive CD8 (cytotoxic T cells) upon antigen presentation. (in the lymphe node?)
        
        CD8 cells will perforate the infected cell using perforines.
        
        through granzymes a cascade will take place which will induce fagocytosis.
        
        CD8 mem cells are formed at both lymphoid and peripheral sites
    - - In secondary antibody responses, memory B cells themselves can act as antigen-presenting cells and activate helper T cells, as well as being the subsequent targets of the effector helper T cells. The mutually reinforcing actions of helper T cells and B cells lead to an immune response that is both intense and highly specific.
  - - - to flag or opsonize the pathogen
- - - - NK cell
        
        not antigen specific reacts to lack or abonormality of MHC I proteins
        
        high perforin production
        
        macrophage activation
        
        responds to tuomors and stressed cells
        
        cytotoxicity
      - neutrophil
        
        phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
      - eosinophil
        
        kllling of anti-body coated parasites through release of granule contents
      - basophil
        
        controlling immune response to parasites
      - Dendtritic cell
        
        activation of T cells and initiation of adaptive immune responses
        
        Conventional DC type 2 (cDC2)
        
        Dominant subset in blood, tissues, lymphoid organs
        
        respond to intracellular pathogens, parasitets, allergens, extracellular bacteria and funghi.
        
        promote Th2, Th1, Th17 and Treg
        
        Conventional DC type 1 (cDC1)
        
        responds to intracellular pathogens
        
        to activate CD8 and NK cells
        
        cross prseentation
        
        priming CD8 cells against extracellular antigens. using MHC I for extracellular pathogens??
        
        plasmacytoid DC (pDC)
        
        detect unmethylated CpG motifs in dsDNA
        
        detect viral ssDNA
        
        respond to tumors
        
        production of type I and III interferons for viral infections
        
        interferions are esseential cytokines for inflammation and virsses
      - mast cell
        
        expulsion of parasites from body through release of granules containing histamine and other active agents
      - monocyte
        
        circulating precursor cell to marcophage
        
        marcophage
        
        phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms. activation of T cells and initiation of immune response
      - megakaryocyte
        
        platelet formation, wound repair
      - LTiP
        
        formation of secondary lymfoid structures
      - ILC1
        
        cytotoxicity
        
        low perforin high cytokine production
        
        recognize abscence or altered of MHC-I
      - ILC2
        
        recognize abscence or altered of MHC-I
        
        different cytokines compared to ILC1
        
        found in the respatory system
        
        alternative macrophage activation
      - ILC3
        
        recognize abscence or altered of MHC-I
        
        phagocytosis
        
        antimicrobial peptides
        
        regulate Th17 cells
        
        combates extracullar microbes such as bacteria and funghi
  - - - T cells
        
        CD4 cells
        
        Th2 cells
        
        support of B cells
        
        helps recorvery of tissue damage by infection
        
        activates eosinophils, basophils and mast cells
        
        activate the cellular antibody response to parasites
        
        Th17 cells
        
        Enhances the neutrophil response to extracellular bacteria and funghi
        
        Activates the epithelium
        
        Th9 cells
        
        defence against extracellular parasites
        
        Mucosal autoimmunity
        
        cancer regulation
        
        activates mast cells
        
        Treg cells
        
        regulate t cell priming
        
        surpress other t cells
        
        prevent autoimmunity
        
        peripheral tolerance
        
        Tfh cells
        
        Help B cells become activated, switch isotype and increase affinity
        
        defence against extracullar pathogens
        
        Mem T cells
        
        Th1 cells
        
        stimulate neutrophils
        
        anti-bacterial function
        
        Macrophage activation
        
        CD8 cells/cytotoxic cells
        
        CD8 mem cells
      - B cells
        
        Plasma B cells
        
        Mem B cells