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Introduction to Human Rights - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to Human Rights
older precedents
limits to political power
Magna carta for the kindom of leon: in the 12th century spain
1689 the king of England was forced to agree to the british bill rights as a condition to occupy the throne.
British Magna carta: in the early 13th century england
in this the central king was prevented from being arbitrarily used against their subjects
due to process of law
privacy rights
Rational or philosophical justification of human rights:
17th century:british philosopher John Locke argued in favor of restricting the royal power, protection of the natural right to property and defending religious tolerance.
Immanuel Kant made the case for bestowing rights to all rational being, in recognition of their natural dignity.
Liberal revolutions and inclusion of human rights in law:
Protection of individual rights.
The first set of amendments to the america constitution, in 1791 came in the shape of the bill of rights.
Outset of the french revolution
Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen
generalization:
since the 19th century human rights were progressively recognized for all people
Expansion:
Rights enshrined after the liberal revolutions would not suffice
Those rights referred to the limitations of power and the protection of the individual.
Participation of the individual in the social, economic and political life in the community
right liberty
civil and political rights
internationalization:
In 1948 after the second world war, the international community proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human rights.
Specification:
1970 new wave of rights
They were tailored to the needs of women, children, disabled people and indigenous people.
collective rights:
1970 collective rights: right to peace, development and to clean and sustainable environment
International criminal law:
most powerful legal mechanism to protect rights and social values
1998 first International Criminal Court
Other criteria to sketch the evolution of human rights:
the obligor:
obligor: entity upon which human rights obligations have been imposed
The one obliged to recognize and respect basic rights was the king or ruler.
Later the modern nation state was the obligor.
the language of generations:
2nd generation, material life conditions and the right to work, health, education and social security.
3rd generation, specific rights or collective rights
1st generation, intimate sphere of the individual and the right to life, privacy, security and life