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security impacts of globalisation (transnational terrorism) - Coggle…
security impacts of globalisation
(transnational terrorism)
security challenges
impact
society
Terrorism and rising radicalisation in the world today has a tremendous impact on social unity
Governments are urged to make strong efforts to dispel any misunderstandings of mainstream ideologies such as religious beliefs and differentiate between the extremist view versus the mainstream, authentic view of these ideologies
Eg.
In SG, there has been cases of self-radicalised individuals and even foreign workers who upon arrest have admitted that they were planning attacks or willing to be trained as militants for extremist groups such as ISIS
Because those arrested tended to be Muslims → may create an air of suspicion among undiscerning SGreans towards stereotyping all Muslims, instead of recognizing that mainstream Islam practiced by majority Muslims denounce extremist beliefs → they may become more suspicious towards Muslims and choose not to Interact or work with them and if this mentality prevails → leads to isolation and neglect of the Muslims → create great disunity in society
country
Terrorism and its unpredictable nature has
had a huge impact on countries. In times when
countries experience terrorist attacks
Eg.
9/11 attacks in USA, Bali
bombings, attacks in London
Instils fear in people → discourages tourism and travel as people become scared that they become the next victims in a terrorist attack → reduces the number of visitors to countries that commonly experience attacks → less tourists → travel and airline companies lose revenue, and services targeted at tourists, such as the massage and manicure services in Bali, also lose revenue → these countries will see less revenue being earned in certain Industries → decline in revenue will lead to economic decline
individuals
Widespread use of Internet and media → spread terrorist ideology → recruit potential terrorists and supporters to their violent cause → increase in the self-radicalisation of individuals (lone wolves)
Eg (Norway, 2011):
Anders Behring Breivik, a Christian extremist carried out a massive bomb blast in Oslo and a shooting attack on young people at a youth camp.
Motivated by anger stemmed from his twisted perception of threats posed by multiculturalism and Muslim immigration.
Eg (SG, 2017):
A 22-year-old infant-care assistant had been posting pro-ISIS material online since 2014 and was also looking for a terror supporter in Syria to marry
Radicalization started in 2013 through online propaganda related to the Islamic State terrorist group
Believed that ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) represented the true spirit of Islam.
Her radicalization deepened over time
These are individuals who we have been inspired and radicalised by extremist propaganda through reading what the terrorists have posted on the Internet. If not stopped, this radicalisation of the individual’s mind could lead to carrying out real acts of terrorism.
how does globalisation increase it?
Globalisation's technological advancements
Advancements in transport facilitate easy, mass cross-border movement of terrorists and groups --> conduct attacks or training overseas without drawing attention
Advancements in communication with the Internet and online social media platforms --> ease of spreading terrorist propaganda and violent messages globally to anyone who has access
Online platforms allow terrorist organisations to coordinate their operations across countries, freely recruit, train, raise money, transfer funds, collect intelligence and distribute propaganda.
international eg. (9/11/01)
Al-Qaeda, a militant group, hijacked 4 American aeroplanes
Crashed them into the World Trade Centre in New York city, USA, and the Pentagon in Washington DC
19 terrorists killed themselves in the process, alongside 3000 other people.
Caused extensive damage to the buildings such as the collapse of a tower of the World Trade Centre.
SG eg. (Dec 2001)
Singapore’s Internal Security Department (ISD) arrested 13 members of a regional terrorist group, Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), with links to Al- Qaeda
Prevented them from carrying terrorist bomb attacks in Singapore
They were targeting Changi Airport, the MOE and MinDef headquarters
Also planned to attack the US and other diplomatic missions in Singapore.
Between 2003-2005, there were more than 4300 websites serving terrorist groups and their supporters. With globalisation, it means that terrorists can gain easy access to sensitive information online, and plan and launch attacks based on the maps/ data found online. This global movement of terrorism
has resulted in attacks in various parts of the world such as
strategies
responsive measures
protective measures
preventive measures
Aimed to reduce a country’s
vulnerability to transnational terrorists
Help prevent loss of lives, destruction of property
and disruption to the economy and society
Eg. Public Awareness and Responsibility
Because the nature of terrorism these days take the form of attacks in crowded city centres and tourist hotspots, terrorism cannot be fought by the government alone but it requires the vigilance and alertness of the public to strengthen defences and help prevent terrorist attacks from occurring
Eg (SG):
SG SECURE:
The SG Secure Movement aimed to increase public awareness about terrorist activities/threats and how public should respond in times of terrorist attacks
Also serves as a platform for the public to contact and update authorities on any possible threats in SG
Involving the public in the defence against transnational terrorism threats in SG fosters greater vigilance as a nation
Enhances SG's ability to react effectively to threats by keeping citizens updated and aware
Singaporeans are better prepared to respond in times of suspected terrorist threats of how to react in times of suspected terrorist threat
Citizen vigilance and reporting can help prevent attacks by identifying suspicious individuals or items to authorities before the attack is carried out successfully
This will enhance our swift response to these planned attacks before it erupts into an attack and threaten our security.
Eg. NO-FLY List
Countries can control their borders through restricting air travel of suspected terrorists within, into and out of the countries
USA implemented it. Lists names of individuals who are known or suspected terrorists. Americans, located outside of USA and placed on the list will not be allowed to board any plane back to USA. Non Americans based in USA and whose names are on the list wouldn’t be allowed to board any plane to return to their home countries
This ensures that suspected/known terrorists are restricted in their movement in and out of countries → limiting their abiIities to travel to other countries to recruit/train potential terrorists or plan and execute terrorist attacks and spread terrorist propaganda or messages.