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Introduction and Brief History - Coggle Diagram
Introduction and Brief History
defining plant ecology:
study of the relationship between plants and their environment
study of the interactions between plants and their environment
Scale in Plant ecology
temporal vs spatial
macro vs micro environment
slope-aspect
Terminology
flora: list of plant species
vegetation: physical nature of plants in a habitat
Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (17698-1859)
coined the term association
environment as a holocoen (predicated ecosystem)
everything is interaction and reciprocal
groundbreaking maps
strongly influenced Darwin
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
strongly influenced by Humboldt
Origin of Species
Ernst von Haeckel (1834-1919)
influenced heavily by Humboldt
coined ecology (okologie) and -phyte
Johannes Eugenius Bulow Warming (1841-1924)
receives some credit for beginnings of ecological science
coined other terminology still in use
wrote first plant ecology textbook
Clinton Merriam (1855-1942)
Started US Biological Survey
merriam life zones
National Geographic Survey
Henry Chandler Cowles (1869-1939)
conducted the first quantitative studies of succession
how plant communities change over time
Frederick Edward Clements (1874-1945)
developed succession theories
coined
superorganism
describes how communities exist
Henry Allen Gleason (1882-1975)
individualistic view/concept of plant communities
seriously challenged Clements
Emma Lucy Braun (1889-1971)
conducted the first complete description of the Eastern Deciduous Forest
Sir Arthur Tansley (1871-1955)
founded the British Ecological Society (1914)
founded
New Phytologist
(1902, editor until 1931)
coined the term ecosystem
William Dwight Billings (1910-1997)
"father" of ecophysiology
21st Century-where to go from here?
"the environmental age"
environmental science
sustainability