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Week 2: Critical Gerontology - Coggle Diagram
Week 2: Critical
Gerontology
Core Elements
:two: Ageing as a
dynamic process
changing with time
static processes tend to be consistent and predictable over time
Eg. Biological ageing
Dynamic processes
(happen more rapidly)
Eg. social constructions
ageing perceptions can happen quite quickly through social interactions
:three: Rejection :red_cross: of ageing as a
biomedical construct
emphasises social, political, economic and cultural forces on ageing process
:one: Acknowledges ideological and social conceptualisations of ageing at individual and societal levels
Theoretical Sources
Social Phenomenology
focus on daily-lived social experiences of individuals
examine how conceptualisations on ageing are
generated
and
interpreted
Critical Theory
About
identifies agents of change
examines the interplay between
science and philosophy
Political Economy
criticises view that old people are passive and hence a burden
associate private problems (eg. depression) with public issues (sociostructural factors)
ageing process and struggles shaped by social, economic, political and structural factors
1970-1980
economic crisis
social disempowerment
of people who retired
ideological changes and perceptions of old people as a "burden"
4 Major Areas of Concern
:two: Portrayal of older adults in social media
:three: Recognition of caregiving by women
how formal and informal work is credited
:one: Public policy framing & resource allocation for old-age care
:four: Valuation of lives and contributions of older people in social ideologies
how such social norms are practiced in families, workplace, state and market
5 Features
:one: Criticising biomedical view of ageing
:two: Highlight sociocultural, political and economical forces that shape individual ageing process
:three: Application of multiple levels of methodological analysis (micro, meso)
:four: Recognising social constructions of ageing and role of family
:five: Linking ageing issues with development and organisation of social and political action
Definitions
applications of critical theories or thinking into gerontology
describe several theoretical perspectives
counter conventional constructions of old age, aging, related policies
overlook social, economic, political & environmental factors
eg. cultural, humanistic, feminist, postmodern, political GT
combinative way of questioning and criticizing assumptions & theories of mainstream GT
“collection of questions, problems and analyses that have been excluded by the established mainstream”
Evolution
Critical Theory
Critical Psychology
Critical Sociology
Critical Gerontology
Late 20th century
Life course theory
Age stratification
Life span development
21st century
Interdiscplinary
Transdisciplinary
Multidisciplinary
Popular Areas
Health Disparities by SES
SES influences financial affordability of health services, accessibility to supportive health tech & biopsychosocial well-being
demographic variables predetermine :older_man::skin-tone-3: position in social structure
major determinants governing access to resources
:arrow_up:SES
manage economic stress
:arrow_up: life satisfaction, self-confidence & other well-being
:arrow_down: SES
experience discrimination & prejudice => :arrow_up: burden on physical welll-being
health risk factors :arrow_up: common
Smoking
Obesity
Depression
:arrow_up: susceptible to chronic illnesses
caused by structural problems in society
local or state policies can improve economic/health security of :older_man::skin-tone-3:
Ageism
negative attitudes and views towards others due to age
associated with
:arrow_down: psychological well being
:arrow_up: impaired memories
delayed physical recovery
:arrow_down: hearing function
Family
:older_man::skin-tone-3: viewed as burden by family members
old Chinese adults expect :arrow_up: support from adult children due to expectations of filial piety
:arrow_up: intrafamilial conflict due to children not sharing filial piety expectations
Public Places
Stereotypes
warm and friendly
incompetent and frail
subjective & overgeneralised stereotypes overstate distinctions between age
strong influencers for paternalistic prejudice & discrimination
across healthcare domains
Life Course Approach
perspective of individual's life history and experiences
earlier life events influence later life events and outcomes
better understanding of human development & aging
requires long-term perspective that recognises how health & well-being at older ages influenced by SES & ehalth
different from lifespan theories
characteristics closely related to chronological age but vary little across time and space
Human rights approach
Core HR principles
Inclusivity
Informed Participation
Accountability
rights are universal & human (not only civil or political)
non-fulfillment is a violation of rights
Age-friendly cities & communities
Successful Aging
Vulnerable older adults
Types of elder abuse
Vulnerability profiles